III вариант.

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AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

1. Agricultural engineering means the application of engineering knowledge in ag­riculture. The agricultural engineer must understand that there are basic differences between agriculture and other industries. The biological factor is an important one in engineering applications, and the engineer must know well the basic principles and practices of agricul­ture.

2. Changes in agricultural practices often need to make a machine adaptable or to increase its effectiveness. Processing equipment may also need changes to harvest crops mechanically, as the quality of yield of a crop may sometimes be reduced by the use of an improper machine.

3. Most field operations are seasonable in nature often with only a short period of time in which to do the job. Therefore field machinery in many cases has a low an­nual duty (i. e. very few hours of operation per year).

4. The field of farm machinery design gives greater opportunity to an engineer than any other field of en­gineering. Farm machines must work where the temperature may be above 100°F or where it is below freezing. They must be able to work in rain and in snow as well. Instead of resting on the floor of a factory, they must operate over any kind of land. They must also be de­signed to handle wide variations in crop and soil condi­tions.

5. Not only agricultural engineers in the field of mechanization are in demand on the farm today. Electri­cians, i. e. agricultural engineers, capable of designing, operating, controlling and adapting any form of electric energy to farm needs are wanted by modern agriculture.

6. As it is known, electric power has become the main source of energy in agricultural production and its sphere of application is ever increasing.

7. For example, it is a most reasonable source of me­chanical power for some kinds of equipment such as electric motors which are very suited for farm jobs because of their automatic control, long life, compact con­struction, ability to run in cold or hot weather, etc.

8. All kinds of equipment for handling milk, such as milking machines, milk coolers, water heaters and others are also operated by electricity.

9. The great effects of various types of radiation on seeds, plants, insects and animals have been studied and are well known today. Those are but a few examples of electric power application on the farm which a modern engineer must work with.

2. Выучите слова к тексту.

application – применение

farm machinery – c/x техника

opportunity – возможность

agricultural engineering – с/х машиностроение

electric power – электрическая энергия

mechanical power – механическая энергия

ability – способность

equipment – оборудование

milking machine – доильная машина

milk cooler – охладитель, устройство для охлаждения молока