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AVIATION WEATHER

(PART 2)

Weather information is collected, analyzed and distributed to airlines by the Meteorological Service. Weather information is made available to the pilot in many ways. In some cases there may be a MET office where a forecaster is present or available to brief the pilot and to discuss the current weather and forecast developments. Often this in-depth briefing is provided by a company Dispatcher or Operations Officer in the Operations Office. The pilot may also brief himself by studying the weather information displayed on monitors or in printed form in the MET or Operations Office. The pilot is provided with printed weather reports, forecasts, synoptic charts, upper level wind charts and sometimes, satellite photographs of the cloud distribution in the intended operational area. Often, real-time displays of weather radar images, showing the location and intensity of cumulonimbus cloud, heavy rain centres and thunderstorms, are provided on monitors and may be printed if required.

Some of the reports provided are:

METAR: Actual. Reports of the actual weather conditions prevailing at the station at the time and date of observation.

Terminal Forecasts: TAF, Route TAFs are issued every 3 hours with a validity of 9 hours. They contain concise information for the expected weather conditions at specific airports during a specified period.

Area and Route Forecast provides information on winds aloft at selected altitudes, upper-air temperatures, significant en route weather phenomena such as icing or turbulence.

SIGMET: Special warnings of hazardous, significant or extreme weather conditions, for example, severe icing, turbulence or sandstorms.

МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

КІРОВОГРАДСЬКА ЛЬОТНА АКАДЕМІЯ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО АВІАЦІЙНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ

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THE FLIGHT PLAN

(PART 1)

A computer Flight Planning System constructs the operating flight plan for a particular flight. It:

Creates required routes and tracks.

Analyses en-route weather data received for the relevant PROGS, and combines this with detailed route and navigation data for the routings, to produce accurate information on which flight plan calculations are based.

Uses aircraft performance data for the particular aircraft registration or tail number, together with required TOW or ZFW, flight levels, and other specific details for the flight.

The principle benefit lies in more accurate flight planning. The speed and ease with which plans can be produced means more flexible utilization by flight planners of the parameters in the flight plan, resulting in more accurate burn-off calculations, with consequent fuel saving and many other benefits.

Waypoints on the flight plan are often defined by a name, and referenced by latitude and longitude. Airports and en-route checkpoints are typical waypoints which have allocated names. Other waypoint names are simply a restatement of the latitude and longitude, e.g., Oceanic waypoints.

Information for each waypoint is stored on the computer system for inclusion in flight plans. Waypoint co-ordinates for each waypoint, navigational frequencies, MSAs and other information for the route are stored on a database. Updated information is included in any relevant flight plan.

МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

КІРОВОГРАДСЬКА ЛЬОТНА АКАДЕМІЯ

НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО АВІАЦІЙНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ