4. J Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.

1. When you play tennis on a hot summer day and perspire a lot, your body may become (a) regenerated; (b) immobilized; (c) de­hydrated.

2. If you fall down a flight of stairs, a bone in your arm or leg may become (a) fatigued; (b) fractured; (c) sedated.

3. A tourniquet is used to control (a) bleeding; (b) breathing; (c) bruising.

4. An antiseptic is used to (a) counteract the effect of a poison; (b)

kill germs; (c) compress the bleeding place.

5. Injury to a joint caused by a forcible twisting, with possible dam­

age to the surrounding blood vessels, nerves and ligaments is named (a) strain; (!)) sprain; (c) subluxation.

6. To differentiate a fracture from a sprain or a strain it is often ne­cessary (a) to palpate the damaged area; (b) to examine it by ul­trasound; (c) to X-ray it.

7. A person with a suspected fracture should (a) be mobile; (b) be

put temporary splint; (c) should be applied tourniquet.

8. (a) A laceration; (b) A contusion; (c) An abrasion is a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin, no deeper than the epi­dermis.

9. After thorough cleaning of the wound (a) sedative; (b) antiseptic; (c) painkiller should be applied to prevent infection and to keep the wound moist.

5 [Match the type of the wounds with their definition.

1 Incisions or incised wounds	a caused by a bullet or similar projectile driving into or through the body
2 Lacerations	b caused by damage to a blood vessel that in turn causes blood to collect under the skin
3 Abrasions	c caused by an object such as a knife entering and coming out from the skin
4 Puncture wounds	d caused by a sharp-edged object such as a knife, a razor or a glass splinter

5 Penetration wounds	e caused by a great or extreme amount of force ap­plied over a long period of time
6 Gunshot wounds	f caused by an object puncturing the skin, such as a nail or needle
7 Contusions	g irregular tear-like wounds caused by some blunt trauma
8 Hematomas	h caused by a blunt force trauma that damages tissue under the skin
9 Crush injury	i caused by a sliding fall onto a rough surface

[ 6^ Complete the sentences by choosing appropriate words or expressions from the box. Translate the completed sentences into Ukrainian.

pain	muscle	swelling	tenderness	injury
strain	fracture	tissue	dislocation	paralysis

1. Compression... usually occurs in the vertebrae, for example when the front portion of a vertebra in the spine collapses due to osteo­porosis.

2. The most common joint ... occurs in the shoulder when a person falls onto the shoulder or onto the outstretched hand.

3. Ligaments may be torn, the joint capsule damaged, and the as­sociated muscles, blood vessels and nerves involved. When the nerves to the limb extending from the joint are damaged, ... may occur.

4. A strain is also colloquially known as a pulled... .

5. Therapeutic ultrasound can be used to break down poorly healed muscle ... and permit it to heal properly.

6. The ice and compression (cold compression therapy) will stop the pain and ... while the injury starts to heal itself.

7. This immediate treatment is usually accompanied by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. Ibuprofen), which both reduce the immediate inflammation and relieve ... .

8. It is recommended that the injured person should consult a med­ical provider if the injury is accompanied by severe pain, if the limb cannot be used, or if there is noticeable ... over an isolated spot.

9. An abrasion is the scraping of the skin surface often as the result of superficial ... to e.g. knees or elbows.

10. Chronic wounds are those that are caused by a relatively slow pro­cess that leads to ... damage. Chronic wounds include pressure, venous, and diabetic ulcers.