Task 4. Fill in the blanks with the following words and phrases.

(Protection, qualify, common law, disorders, decisions, preparation, the defendant, derives from , a voluntary act, conspiracy, involuntary, defence, aggravated assault, differences, enforcement).

1. A crime is usually defined as or omission, in conjunction with a given state of mind.

2. Acts committed during fits of epilepsy or while sleepwalking are ... and thus do not ... as crimes.

3. Mental ... are widely recognized as limiting responsibility for acts otherwise regarded as criminal.

1. 4. Other factors entering into the determination of criminal intent are self-defence, defence of other persons, ... of property, and ... of the law.

5. The law of most countries recognizes that the use of force, while not justifiable, may be excused if ... believed that the use of force was necessitated by special circumstances.

6. Criminal acts include arson, rape, treason, … … , theft, burglary, robbery and murder.

7. Other concerns of criminal law are ..., a rather broad term that denotes agreement between two or more individuals to commit a crime, and attempt.

8. The definition of attempt varies from one legal system to another, but essentially it is ... for criminal action that has gone beyond a legally defined point.

2. 9. Important ... exist between the criminal law of most English-speaking countries and that of other countries.

3. 10.The criminal law of England and the United States ... the traditional English common law of crimes and has its origins in the judicial ... embodied in reports of decided cases.

Task 5. Choose the appropriate definitions. Match each word on the left with the correct definition on the right.

A.(a) an arsonist

(b) a shoplifter

(c) an offender

(d) a vandal

(e) a burglar

(f) a murderer

(g) a kidnapper

(h) a pickpocket

(i)an accomplice

(j) a drug dealer

(k) a spy

(1) a terrorist

1. sets fire to property illegally

2. is anyone who breaks the law

3. breaks into houses or other buildings to steal

4. steals from shops while acting as an ordinary customer

5. kills someone

6. causes damage to property

7. steals things from people's pockets in crowded places

8. gets secret information from another country

9. buys and sells drugs illegally

10. takes away people by force and demands money for their return

11. helps a criminal in a criminal a

12. uses violence for political reasons

B.(a) an assassin

(b) a hooligan

(c) a stowaway

(d) a thief

(e) a hijacker

(f) a forger

(g) a robber

(h) a smuggler

(i) a traitor

(j) a gangster

(k) a deserter

(1) a bigamist

1. causes damage or disturbance in public places

2. hides on a ship or plane to get a free journey

3. takes control of a plane by force and makes the pilot change course

4. murders for political reasons or a reward

5. is someone who steals

6. makes false money or signatures

7. is a member of a criminal group

8. steals money etc by force from people or places

9. marries illegally, being married already

10. is a soldier who runs away from the army

11. brings goods into a country illegally without paying tax

12. betrays his or her country to another state

Task 6. Choose the right preposition in brackets according to the contents of the sentences (by, from, in, at, on, to, of, or).

1. The Crown Prosecutor, who works ... the Director of Public Prosecutions, is responsible ... prosecuting criminals based ... evidence presented ... the police.

2. The definition ... some legal terms varies... one legal system ... another.

3. The judge sentenced my neighbour ... punishment... the crime which he hadn't committed.

4. The State ... Louisiana has a Roman civil form ... law which derives ... its days as a French colony.

5. This decision was repealed ... the Constitutional Court.

6. One ... the two accused men was tried... an offense ... yesterday's trial.

7. ... Ukraine... the last eight years the movement ... law reform has made considerable progress.

8. The judicial decision, was based... the Criminal Code ... the country.

9) The judge sentenced the other accused man... two years … prison.