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3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.

Нефтяная промышленность, источники энергии, углеводородное топливо, неочищенная нефть, первостепенное значение, большое количество энергии, потреблять энергию, использовать энергию, производить энергию, потребитель энергии, промышленно развитые страны, нефть состоит из …, самый ценный продукт, основные виды топлива, нефть заменила уголь, развитие нефтяной промышленности, подземная нефтяная скважина, скважина была пробурена, поверхность земли, товарный продукт, субпродукты, нефтехимические продукты, двигатель внутреннего сгорания, невозобновляемые природные ресурсы, потребление нефти увеличилось, месторождения нефти могут истощиться, заниматься научно-исследовательской работой.

4. Answer the following questions.

  1. What energy sources are widely used in the modern world?

  2. Why are petroleum, coal, and natural gas of primary importance in the industrialized countries?

  3. What are these energy sources called?

  4. What is petroleum composed of?

  5. Why is petroleum called “black gold”?

  6. To what time, place, and event can the origin of the oil industry be dated?

  7. What was the first commercial oil product? What were by-products?

  8. When did gasoline become the most popular fuel in the world?

  9. Why has oil replaced coal as the primary energy source?

  10. What is the greatest problem of the petroleum industry?

5. Match the terms and their definitions.

  1. Petroleum

  2. Crude oil / Crude petroleum

  3. Gasoline

  4. Kerosene

  5. Asphalt

  6. Barrel

  7. Fossil

  8. Distillation

  9. By-product

  10. Petrochemicals

    1. The traces or remains of plant or animal life that existed in previous geological ages. Petroleum, coal and natural gas are called fossil fuels because they were created from tiny plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.

    2. A fuel found in mineral deposits under the ground.

    3. The usual unit of measure that used for oil. It contains forty-two gallons.

    4. Chemicals derived from petroleum. They are used in the creation of synthetic (man-made) rubber, plastics, and other materials.

    5. A process of heating a mixture to separate lighter substances from heavier ones. The lighter ones are changed into vapor by the heating process. This is the basis for refining oil into commercial products

    6. It is a product made from petroleum which was often used as a source of heat and light in the 19th century.

    7. It is the heaviest product made from petroleum. It is used to pave streets.

    8. A secondary product obtained in the process of making something else.

    9. Oil as it comes from the ground. It is not commercially usable in this form.

    10. It is the lightest product made from petroleum. It is also the most popular fuel in the world. In the early days of the oil industry, it was a by-product in the distillation of petroleum to make kerosene.