- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Unit 1.
- •Chemical reaction of combustion
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: soluble, instant, diluted, dissolved.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •4. Compare the classifications of fires in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Paraphrase the following word combinations using possessive case. Make up sentences using them.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: fire, class a, b, c, d fires, fire gases, flame, heat, smoke, smothering.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Engagement and marriage
- •2) Match the following adjectives with their antonyms.
- •Unit 2.
- •Fire service ladders
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: moist, wet, damp, humid.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: straight ladder, aerial ladder, roof ladder, extension ladder.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Compare the types of ladders used in Ukraine and the usa.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with reflexive pronouns.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets.
- •3) Translate the sentences.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Oxbridge
- •2) Recommend some ways for improving your English outside classes.
- •Unit 3.
- •Fire hoses
- •2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: lasting, durable, permanent.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Give definitions of such terms: hose, mechanical injury.
- •3. Write the annotation to the text.
- •4. Describe the main characteristics of fire hoses.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •At the interview
- •2) Read the list of lobs and professions and sort them out in two columns: the jobs I’d like to do and the jobs I wouldn’t like to do. Give reasons why.
- •Unit 4.
- •Personal protection of firefighters
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: empty, vacant, blank.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •Write the annotation to the text.
- •Describe how firefighters protect themselves during rescue operations.
- •Describe what influence heated air, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide have on human body.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Dieting
- •2) Match the two parts of the sentences.
- •Unit 5.
- •Ventilation
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to escape, to avoid, to elude, to evade.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Prove that ventilation is necessary during rescue operations.
- •4. Describe how proper ventilation should be done.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional excercises
- •Risk sports
- •Unit 6.
- •Vehicle extrication
- •2) Translate the following words having the same root.
- •2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: to carry, to bring, to fetch.
- •3) Group antonyms in pairs.
- •2. Write the annotation to the text.
- •3. Describe how life-threatening conditions are stabilized by firefighters.
- •4. Describe how firefighters perform vehicle extrication.
- •Listening comprehension exercises
- •Additional exercises
- •Sources of power
- •Past indefinite tense
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, іі колонка yesterday, the day before yesterday, last, ago
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next, in
- •Continuous tenses
- •Дія як процес
- •Present continuous tense
- •Дія, що відбувається (триває) в момент мовлення або в теперішній період часу, запланована майбутня дія
- •Past continuous tense дія, яка тривала в якийсь момент чи період часу в минулому
- •Future continuous tense дія, яка триватиме в певний момент чи період часу в майбутньому
- •The past perfect tense дія, яка відбулася раніше іншої минулої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •The future perfect tense дія, яка закінчиться до певного моменту або до початку іншої дії
- •Неправильні дієслова: таблиця, ііi колонка)
- •Passive voice
- •Sequence of tences
- •I. Statements
- •Іі. Questions а) general
- •B) special
- •Words having several functions
- •Direct and indirect speech
- •Infinitive
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of modal verbs
- •That (those)
- •To have
- •Annotation
- •Texts for listening heat transfer
- •Turntable ladders
- •Fire hose couplings
- •The rescue of occupants
- •Visible smoke conditions.
- •Engine and ladder companies
- •Synonyms
- •Business correspondence resume
- •Job application cover letter
- •45 Charlotte Street
- •16 June 2006
- •Information inquiry
- •Reply to information inquiry
- •Request for an appointment
- •Letter of apology
- •Invitation
- •Word-building suffixes nouns
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •Prefixes
- •Conversational formulas
- •Irregular verbs
- •References
2) Translate the following words, having the same root.
To conduct, conduction, conductive, conducted, non-conductive, conductivity, conductor, non-conductivity, conducting.
Exercise 6. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations. Make up sentences using them.
Хімічна реакція; горючі матеріали; видимий продукт неповного згорання; продукти горіння; створювати вогонь; швидке окислення; супроводжуватися вивільненням енергії; підлягати хімічним змінам; газ, що горить; форма енергії; вимірювати температуру; методи пожежегасіння; класи пожеж; видаляти паливо; зменшувати температуру; виключати доступ кисню; температура займання; займиста рідина; вогнегасна речовина; джерело тепла; кількість кисню; припинити випаровування; звичайний приклад; залежати від зовнішньої подачі повітря; поглинати тепло; теплопередача випромінюванням; конвективна теплопередача; проводити електрику; електричне обладнання під напругою; необхідні для займання компоненти; видалити один з трьох елементів; перекрити подачу палива; відкачати займисту рідину; розбавити рідину; розчинні матеріали; змішуватися з верхнім шаром рідини; додавати інертний газ; відділити кисень від інших компонентів.
Exercise 7. Answer the questions.
1. What are three components that create a fire? 2. What happens to fuel when it burns? 3. What are the main methods of fire suppression? 4. What are the four classes of fires? Characterize each of them. 5. What does the term “smothering” mean? 6. What do methods of fuel removal include? 7. How can flammable liquids and gases be diluted? 8. What common combustible materials do you know? 9. What are the products of combustion? 10. What extinguishing agent absorbs more heat per volume than other?
Exercise 8. 1) Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the synonyms: to fight, to suppress, to put out, to extinguish and their derivatives.
1. The firemen fought the blaze very bravely. 2. Extinguish your cigarette. 3. There are 3 methods of fire suppression. 4. It took them six hours to put the fire out. 5. She will put the light out. 6. I was in no mood to fight with him. 7. There should be a fire extinguisher in every room. 8. She could hardly suppress a smile.
2) Fill in the gaps with one of the synonyms: soluble, instant, diluted, dissolved.
1. These pills are not … in water. 2. I don’t like … coffee. 3. He gave us juice … with water. 4. Sugar was … quickly in hot water. 5. The paint is … with oil. 6. Is this material … ? 7. This tablet will be … in a glass of water. 8. Is … potatoes tasty?
3) Group antonyms in pairs.
Inclusion, ineffectively, conducting, available, combustible, to reduce, internal, to absorb, rapid, light, exclusion, impractical, to decrease, ordinary, to heat, to subtract, darkness, uncommon, dependent, visible, nonflammable, large, slow, below, invisible, to turn off, to increase, extraordinary, high, practical, effectively, above, to raise, flammable, small, to turn on, noncombustible, to add, common, independent, external, to give out, to cool, low, non-conducting, unavailable.
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the word “fire”. Name part of the speech.
1. Horses are afraid of fire. 2. We were under fire from all sides. 3. Thousands of trees were lost in the forest fire. 4. We have no fire insurance. 5. The pile of papers couldn’t catch fire by itself. 6. The house is on fire. 7. You are fired. 8. He ordered them to fire. 9. Men slept by the camp fire. 10. The boy held the fire the whole day.
Exercise 10. Make word combinations with the word “temperature”.
Exercise 11. Fill in the gaps.
Combustion is a chemical process that … heat and light. There are three … that create a fire: oxygen, heat, … . If you remove any element a … cannot exist. There are four products … combustion. Flame is red or yellow … of burning gas. Heat is a … of energy. We measure it in … of temperature. Smoke is a visible … of incomplete combustion. Vaporized products of … are called fire gases. The main … of fire suppression are removal of … , exclusion of oxygen, and reduction of … . Methods of fire suppression differ depending … the class of fires.
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences.
1. Пожежники використали воду, щоб зменшити температуру матеріалу, що горів. 2. Існує 4 продукти горіння: гази, полум’я, тепло, дим. 3. Горіння супроводжується вивільненням енергії у формі тепла та світла. 4. Коли паливо буде горіти, воно буде підлягати хімічним змінам. 5. Дим – це видимий продукт неповного згорання. 6. Існує 3 способи припинення вогню: видалити паливо, зменшити температуру та видалити кисень. 7. Вода поглинає більше тепла ніж будь-яка інша речовина. 8. Звичайні горючі речовини – це дерево, папір, гума, тканина та багато пластмас. 9. Видалення палива – ефективний метод пожежегасіння, але не завжди можливий. 10. Додавання інертного газу розбавить займисті гази.
Exercise 13. 1. Single out the main questions that are dealt with in the text.