2. Constitutional law

Constitutional Law is an aggregate of legal norms regulating public relations which contain fundamentals of state and public structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, interrelation of state and individual; structure and principles of organizing activity of political system of society, fundamentals of voting system, and mechanism of carrying out of state power belonging to people.

Constitutional law:Leading branch of law;main source – the Constitution; its norms play a role of starting point for other branches of law.

3. Labor relations

Labor relations are relations, arising between employer and employee concerning realization of certain work activity by Parties, as a rule, under Personal Labor and Collective Contracts.

1. Regulatory legal acts

Regulatory Legal Act – is :

- written official document of established form

- adopted on a national referendum or by an authorized state body or state official

- establishing legal rules, changing, terminating or suspending their action

2. Individual entrepreneurship

Individual entrepreneurship,an a type of entrepreneurship, is initiative activity of citizens aimed at the extraction of profit, based on citizens own property, and carried out on their behalf, under their risk and property liability.

Property

1. Private:

Property of citizens

Property of private legal entities and their associations

2. State:

Republican (republican treasury + assets entrusted to republican state-owned legal entities)

Communal (local treasury + assets entrusted to local state-owned legal entities)

Constitutional Law is an aggregate of legal norms regulating public relations which contain fundamentals of state and public structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, interrelation of state and individual; structure and principles of organizing activity of political system of society, fundamentals of voting system, mechanism of carrying out of state power belonging to people

3. Formal contract

Public contract – contract:

That is concluded by a commercial organization

That establishes its obligations to sell goods perform work or render services which such organization, by the nature of its activity, must carry out to anyone who applies.

(Retail trade – conveys by the transport of common designation – communication services – medical, hotel services, etc.)

Principal contract based on preliminary contract.

In accordance with a preliminary contract the parties shall be obliged to conclude in the future a contract concerning the transfer of assets, performance of work or rendering services (principal contract) on the conditions provided in the preliminary contract. (art. 390 Civil Code)

1. Continental and common law system

Continental Law system – the word “property” is used to indicate subject matter in which rights exist.

Civil Law, in contrast, is codified. Countries with civil law systems have comprehensive, continuously updated legal codes that specify all matters capable of being brought before a court, the applicable procedure, and the appropriate punishment for each offense. Such codes distinguish between different categories of law: substantive law establishes which acts are subject to criminal or civil prosecution, procedural law establishes how to determine whether a particular action constitutes a criminal act, and penal law establishes the appropriate penalty. In a civil law system, the judge’s role is to establish the facts of the case and to apply the provisions of the applicable code. Though the judge often brings the formal charges, investigates the matter, and decides on the case, he or she works within a framework established by a comprehensive, codified set of laws. The judge’s decision is consequently less crucial in shaping civil law than the decisions of legislators and legal scholars who draft and interpret the codes.

Continental Law system – the word “property” is used to indicate subject matter in which rights exist.

Common Law system – the word “property” is traditionally used to describe not the object itself, but rather that interest in the object that the law recognizes.