Ex.13. These words are often confused:

economic – economical, economics – economy

Economy	– the organization of a country's wealth-producing commerce and industry; – the deliberate saving of money through carefully-controlled spending.
Economics	– the scientific study of a society's money, industry and trade.
Economic	– related to the economy – cost-effective
Economical	– if something is economical it does not require a great deal of money to operate – an efficient way of doing things

Complete these sentences using the correct form of one of the words above. Make sentences of you own to show that you understand the difference in their meaning.

1. The government’s … policy has created a lot of problems.

2. It may be … to use a cheaper form of fuel.

3. Consultation will focus on the … and diplomatic issues.

4. … is one of the major subjects which future economists study.

5. We are looking for more … production methods.

6. The country is in a state of … crisis.

7. The new heating system proved … to use.

8. The government is attempting to reduce inflation and strengthen the … .

9. Industrial production has slowed down in all the world’s major …

10. This machine is no longer … to run.

11. The IMF helps the … of the developing world.

12. Investors watch the rate of … growth closely.

13. My friend studies … .

14. Buying second-hand equipment can be a false … .

Grammar Revision

Present Simple and Present Continuous

We use the Present Simple: for routines and habits I go to the bank twice a month.

for permanent situations My friend works in a bank.

for facts Water boils at 100o centigrade.

for timetables or fixed events in the future, that are usually beyond the speaker’s control: The train leaves in 10 minutes.

We use the Present Continuous: for actions happening now I am working on my report at the moment. for temporary actions or situations I am staying with my friends till I find a new flat. for changing or developing situations The economic situation is getting worse in this country. to talk about something that happens often and is unplanned or irritating (with always) She is always grumbling and complaining. to talk about future arrangements and plans: I am leaving at four on the first flight to London.

Ex.1. Choose the correct variant.

1. All the guides here speak/are speaking at least two foreign languages, because a lot of foreign tourists come/are coming every year.

2. Look! The meeting starts/is starting. We’d better go in.

3. I work/am working for Midmark, a firm that makes/is making medical equipment.

4. I go/am going to the supermarket. Do you want anything?

5. The train is arriving/arrives at 7 a.m.

6. They always make noise/are making noise next door.

7. Our meetings usually are starting/start at 4 p.m.

8. When a company is not successful, it is going/goes out of business.

9. I work/am working overtime this week.

10. Tom is a very reliable person, everybody is trusting/trusts him.

11. He usually is coming/comes to his office on time.

12. The sun is setting/sets in the West.

13. Great Britain becomes/is becoming more popular as a location for international business.

14. He earns/is earning over $ 20,000 a year.

15. People often spend/are spending a lot of their money on cigarettes.