2. Match the following words with their translation.

1. stress 2. complex 3. complicated 4. calculation 5. wide 6. impossible 7. satisfactorily 8. economically

a) складний, ускладнений b) підрахунок; розрахунок; обчислення c) неможливий, нездійсненний d) задовільно e) тиск, натиск f) економно g) складний; комплексний h) великий

3. Translate into Ukrainian the following words and word-combinations from the text: metallurgist; expert; mechanics; mathematician; generator, heat expert; tool designer; economist; engineering designer; strength of materials expert; turbine; tunnel; radio; steam engine; internal combustion engine; pump; compressor; machine-tool; mechanism; transformer; transmission.

4. Using the information from the text complete the following diagrams.

a )

b )

5. Match the beginning of the sentence with its end.

1. At present there are… 2. It is very difficult… 3. The main divisions of engi-neering are… 4. So, engineers must become… 5. In designing even a simple machine… 6. Thus, any branch of engi-neering may require…

a) more scientific and specialized. b) the special services of specialists from various branches. c) numerous branches of engineering. d) complicated and specialized calculations are needed. e) to give a satisfactory classification of these branches. f) mechanical engineering, electrical engi-neering, civil engineering, structural engi-neering and chemical engineering.

6. Fill in the following table:

Branch of engineering	Specialist	Object of work
1. civil engineering	civil engineer	dams, tunnels, roads …
2. mechanical engineering
3. electrical engineering a) b)		a) b)
4. structural engineering
5. chemical engineering

Mechanical engineering

Word list:

to recognize – визнавати separate – окремий; самостійний formation – утворення; створення diversity – особливий allied – споріднений, близький design – проект; план; рисунок; креслення, дизайн

construction – будівництво; будуван-ня; споруджування operation – дія; робота; процес research – наукове дослідження; вивчення; дослідницька робота to depend – залежати (від - on, upon) prime movers – первинні двигуни

Exercises to the subject:

1. Read the text and say what the role of mechanical engineering is.

Mechanical engineering has been recognized as a separate branch of engineering since the formation of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers of Great Britain in 1847. The development of the textile machinery, steam engines, machine-tools, pumping machinery, turbines and locomotives of that time made such a diversity interest for civilian engineers that these and allied subjects were called mechanical engineering.

Mechanical engineering deals with the design, construction and operation of machines and devices of all kinds, and with research and sciences upon which these depend. Among these machines are prime movers such as engines and turbines using air, steam and water as operating media; pumping machines and other hydraulic apparatus; steam boilers, heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigerating equipment, transportation structures used in aviation; automotive engineering, railroads and ships, machine-tools, special machines for industry and for construction of buildings, railroads and harbors. In fact, mechanical engineering enters into the work of all engineers whose machines are to be developed for the processes of specialists of the other branches of engineering.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian: textile machinery; pumping machinery; devices; hydraulic apparatus; steam boilers; heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigerating equipment; transportation structures; automotive engineering; railroads; harbors.