8. Civil war

• 1861-1865

• 23 bourgeois northern states – Union

• 11 slaveholding Southern states – Confederacy

• because of plantations; agriculture

• Abraham Lincoln [1809-1865] - 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865

• Gettysburg Address [the last speech of A.Lincoln]

• Emancipation Proclamation, September 22, 1862

• Thirteenth Amendment 1865 - outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

• During the Civil War, glasses with colored lenses were used to treat disorders and illnesses. Yellow-trimmed glasses were used to treat syphilis, blue for insanity, and pink for depression. Thus we get the term, To see the world through rose-colored glasses.

9. Kennedy

• May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963

• Kennedy appointed blacks as heads of the Housing finance agency and as a federal judge

• 1948-1965:

  • Movement against segregation in the South

  • Freedom rider – who protests against

  • Campaigns to desegregate schools

  • Bombingham

• Martin Luther King [1929-1968]:

  • leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.

  • 1955 – bus boycott in Montgomery [Alabama]

  • 1957 – president of Southern Christian Leadership Conference

  • 1959 – India [civil disobedience]

  • 1963 – Marches on Washington ‘I have a dream’ [speech]

  • 1964 – Nobel peace prize

  • 1968 – ‘Free at Last’

• Cuban Missile Crisis – 1962 - a 13-day confrontation between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side, and the United States on the other, in October 1962. It was one of the major confrontations of the Cold War, and is generally regarded as the moment in which the Cold War came closest to turning into a nuclear conflict. It is also the first documented instance of the threat of mutual assured destruction (MAD) being discussed as a determining factor in a major international arms agreement

• The Space Race 1957-1975

• Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" by the end of the 1960s, which he proposed in a May 25, 1961 address to Congress.

• Kennedy was assassinated at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC) on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was fatally shot while traveling with his wife Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally's wife Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation in 1963–64 by the Warren Commission concluded that Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald acting alone and that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial. Although the Commission's conclusions were initially supported by a majority of the American public, polls conducted between 1966 and 2003 found that as many as 80 percent of Americans have suspected that there was a plot or cover-up

• [!] His favorite place when he wanted to buy the clothing items was Brooks Brothers. However, Kennedy liked to wear the clothes made from Saville Row for everyday use. American Optical Saratoga was his favorite sunglasses brand. When he was president of US, this man always used the sunglasses in any outdoor occasion.