1. What does adjective modify? What degrees of comparison do you know? How do we form them?

An adjective modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun.

Normally in English, the adjective comes before the noun. For example:

The smart student earned an "A".

General Rule: Adjectives often have forms which indicate degrees of comparison. The positive form, the type we have already looked at, does not express comparison.

Examples:

They chose a dark brown paint. (adjective)

The Comparative Form The comparative form, which is made be adding -er or a preceding more to the positive form, shows either a greater degree than the positive form or a makes a comparison between two persons or things.

Examples:

They chose a darker brown paint than their neighbours.

The Superlative Form The superlative form, which is made by adding -est or a preceding most to the positive form, shows the greatest degree of a quality or quantity among three or more persons or things.

Examples:

They chose the darkest brown they could find.

Forming the Comparative or Superlative Choosing between the suffix -er or -est and the preceding more/most depends on the number of syllables in the positive form of the adjective. Usually, adjectives of one syllable take the suffix (-er/-est) and those of more than one syllable take the preceding more/most. Sometimes adjectives with a second syllable which is not very distinct, take the suffix. (e.g., pretty, prettier, prettiest)

Билет 23

1. What are cardinals? How do we form them?

Cardinals are any of the numbers that express amount, as one, two, three. Numerals from 13-19 are formed with the suffix “-teen”. Dozens are formed with the suffix “-ty"

If a number is in the range 21 to 99, and the second digit is not zero, we should write the number as two words separated by a hyphen:

25   twenty-five 

57   fifty-seven 

89   eighty-nine  Before numerals hundred, thousand, million we put an article a or numeral (one, two etc.) Numbers over 100 are generally written in figures. However if you want to say them aloud or want to write them in words rather than figures you put 'and' in front of the number expressed by the last two figures. For example:

203      two hundred and three             

622      six hundred and twenty-two      Numbers between 1000 and 1,000,000 is usually said or written in words as:

1,803    one thousand, eight hundred and three            

1,963    one thousand, nine hundred and sixty-three     

2,840    two thousand, eight hundred and forty             Four-figure numbers ending in 00 can also be said or written as a number of hundreds. For example, 1800 can be said or written as "eighteen hundred"

Expressing millions

1,412,605        one million four hundred (and) twelve thousand six hundred (and) five

2,760,300        two million seven hundred (and) sixty thousand three hundred 

Билет 24

1. What cases of transferring of words (transposition) do you know?

Transferring of words (transposition) in the English cases we can meet in several cases:

1. Inversion – a transposition of a subject with an object in questions

Auxiliary verb +subject+ main verb

Is Peter taking an exam today?

2. In direct speech in the end of a sentence

‘I don’t like this hotel’ - said Henry

‘I’ll call you a taxi’ – said the doorman

John said me that he would phone me

‘I’ll phone you’ – said John.

Билет 25

1. Speak on transferring of words (transposition) with so, neither, as;

Transferring of words or transposition with so, neither, as is used to say that we have something in common with somebody in answers.

Use So + auxiliary + I with positive sentences

I’ve been to Spain. So have I

I’m happy. So am I NOT So I am

I love chocolate ice cream. So do I – И я тоже

I can’t stand violent films. Neither can I – Как и я

I’m not hungry. Neither am I. NOT Neither I am

Use Neither + auxiliary + I with negative sentences.

I would love to go to Australia. So would I.

She was a talented musician, as was her sister / and so was her sister – Она была одарённым музыкантом, как и её сестра

She’s a lively person, as is her brother – Она так же жизнерадостна как её брат