1. Find the English equivalents in the text and translate the sentences.

1. утримувати владу, 2) строго відповідно до інструкцій, 3) від робітники очікують що .... 4) не отримуючи жодних пояснень, 5) визначити ціль, 6) досвідчений та вмілий робітник, 7) кінцеве слово, 8) відповідати співпрацеї та командним духом.

2. Answer the following questions.

1. According to what approach are employees expected to obey orders without

receiving any explanations?

2. Where does bureaucratic management style occur?

3. What information did you get to know from the text about hands-off style.

4. Who keeps his or her employees informed about everything that affects work and shares decision making and problem solving responsibilities.

5. What kind of management can produce high quality and quantity of work long periods? Express your point of view.

3. Complete the sentences choosing the appropriate form.

1. According to Autocratic management style, employees are expected ... (obey, to obey, obeying) the rules without ... (to receive, received, receiving) any explanations.

2. Bureaucratic management style can be effective when employees perform the tasks that require ... (handle, to handle, handling) cash.

3. If all authority is given to the employees, they must ... (make, to make, made) decisions on their own.

4. Laissez-faire style is effective if the employees are ... (experience, experiencing, experienced) and ... (educate, educating, educated).

5. Participative style encourages the workers ... (be, to be, being) part of decision-making process.

4. Find in the text words that mean the following.

1. characterized by originality of thought; having or showing imagination;

2. to keep in one's possession;

3. to carry out (instructions or orders); comply with (demands);

4. the doctrine of unrestricted freedom in commerce, esp for private interests;

5. worthy of being trusted; honest, reliable, or dependable;

6. to act upon or influence, esp in an adverse way;

7. a trainer or instructor;

8. joint operation or action.

Text b Different Situations - Different Management Styles

Management styles can vary from company to company, and of course within organisations themselves. Different styles are appropriate for different situations or types of business.

Managers like Bill Gates and Warren Buffett have famously developed their own distinctive methods from which others can learn. However, the fact that the two examples are very different shows that there is no single route to success.

Gates's style and management practice at Microsoft was based on control and concerning himself with detail almost to the point of obsession. Responsibility that Bill Gates placed on the monitoring of staff and figures is demonstrated by the fact iliat he even used to sign expenses for Steve Ballmer, his right-hand man.

Buffett, on the other hand, always stressed a desire for the managers of Berkshire Hathaway to think like owners. He urged them to ‘look at the business you run as if it were the only asset of your family, one that must be operated for llic next 50 years and can never be sold’.

Sometimes unorthodox management behaviour can develop into a very effective management style. A case in point is that of Ricardo Semler and his Brazilian engineering company Semco. His management policies included unusual practices such as shutting down the company for an afternoon twice a year for all employees to clean out the places where they work. He also limited all memos and reports to one piece of A4, always topped by an eye-catching tabloid-style headline to sum up the key message.

Perhaps most interestingly of all, he implemented a system where employees would assess their own managers, with a low rating putting the manager’s job at risk.

All this reinforces the view that there is no one right way to manage people. Certainly taking tips from the experts can help you find the management style that works for you but it is ultimately a matter of trial and error, and trust.

Notes: unorthodox management behaviour — незвична управлінська поведінка a matter of trial and error - справа спроб і помилок