- •Введение
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Find the definition of automation. Explain the origin of the word “automation”
- •4 Make up dialogues with your group mates using information from the text
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •4 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •Text 3 early developments of automation
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Prepare the brief annotation of the text
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Answer the following questions. If you need scan the text again
- •Автоматизация и электроника
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to comment on:
- •Sources of power available to accomplish some automated action
- •Two types of the actions performed by automated systems
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •Give extended answers to the following questions:
- •4 Choose the necessary information about five basic components of feedback control system from the text and use it in your summary
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •Text 7 machine programming
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information.
- •3 Comment on:
- •4 Try to arrange the text in the form of abstract
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •Read the text. Point out new information
- •Answer the following questions. When you answer these questions don’t repeat exactly what the text says
- •4 Speak on: The development of robotics.
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Explain the definition of an industrial robot. Do it in dialogues of your own
- •4 Speak on the applications of the industrial mechanical manipulator
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to comment on:
- •Text 11 manufacturing applications of automation and robotics
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Give extending answers to the following questions:
- •4 Speak on: Specific processing operations along an automated production line
- •5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word -combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •Автоматическая сборка
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Try to grasp both the central idea and the details. Be ready to speak on:
- •3 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Skim through the text to determine the general idea
- •3 State briefly in some sentences what the flexible manufacturing system is
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Find the additional information about the applications of automation in the transportation industries and use it in your summary
- •1 Read the text. Point out new information
- •State briefly what the text is about
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •1 Read the text. Be ready to speak on:
- •Text 22 advantages and disadvantages of automation
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Summarize the information given in the text about:
- •Advantages of automation
- •Disdvantages of automation
- •Part II
- •Texts for supplementary reading
- •Text1 industrial robotics
- •Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text
- •3 Write one expository essay with the introduction, conclusion, and at least three body paragraphs
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •3 Give a brief summary of the text
- •1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
- •2 Read the text. Point out new information
- •3 Speak on:
- •Computer-aided manufacturing
- •Computer-aided design
3 Find the definition of automation. Explain the origin of the word “automation”
4 Make up dialogues with your group mates using information from the text
5 Translate into English. Write down and memorize the unknown words and word-combinations
Возрастающая важность автоматизации оборудования и прохождения стадий технологического процесса в промышленности и предпринимательстве привлекает мировое внимание.
Что такое «автоматизация» - это метод или новое изобретение?
Исторически слово появилось для обозначения эксплуатации того, что на жаргоне инженеров обозначает «механическая перестановка». Слово используют не для обозначения метода или изобретения, а для описания ситуации, в которой четыре независимых компонента выполняют свою функцию.
Каждый из этих компонентов важен в своей собственной области, но в процессе автоматизации каждый, в определенный момент, становится важнее другого.
Вот эти компоненты:
а) механическая перестановка
б) автоматическая сборка
в) техника связи
г) техника регулирования
Эти четыре компонента были сведены в единый процесс, называмый «автоматизация». Если в первых двух машинами были заменены человеческие мускулы, то в последних двух – человеческие нервы и мозг.
Без сомнения, что там, где «автоматизации» отдается предпочтение, увеличивается разумное использование рабочего времени.
TEXT 2 INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
1 Use these words to strengthen vocabulary
to assist – помогать, содействовать, принимать участие
requirement – требование
to reduce – уменьшать, сокращать, снижать
immediate – непосредственный, прямой, ближайший
precision – точность, аккуратность, пунктуальность
admittedly – как принято считать, по общему признанию
handicapped human – люди - инвалиды
to envision – представлять (себе), воображать
precisely – точно
a tight control – строгий контроль
emergency response – аварийное реагирование
to simulate – воспроизводить, имитировать
application – применение, приложение
script – шрифт, графика
2 Read the text. Point out new information
Automation (ancient Greek: = self dictated), robotization or industrial automation or numerical control is the use of control systems such as computers to control industrial machinery and processes, replacing human operators. In the scope of industrialization, it is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.
There are still many jobs which are in no immediate danger of automation. No device has been invented which can match the human eye for accuracy and precision in many tasks; nor the human ear. Even the admittedly handicapped human is able to identify and distinguish among far more scents than any automated device. Human pattern recognition, language recognition, and language production ability is well beyond anything currently envisioned by automation engineers.
Specialized hardened computers, referred to as programmable logic controllers (PLCs), are frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs from (physical) sensors and events with the flow of outputs to actuators and events. This leads to precisely controlled actions that permit a tight control of almost any industrial process.
Human-machine interfaces (HMI) or computer human interfaces (CHI), formerly known as man-machine interfaces, are usually employed to communicate with PLCs and other computers, such as entering and monitoring temperatures or pressures for further automated control or emergency response. Service personnel who monitor and control these interfaces are often referred to as stationary engineers.
Another form of automation involving computers is test automation, where computer-controlled automated test equipment is programmed to simulate human testers in manually testing an application. This is often accomplished by using test automation tools to generate special scripts (written as computer programs) that direct the automated test equipment in exactly what to do in order to accomplish the tests.
Finally, the last form of automation is software-automation, where a computer by means of macro recorder software records the sequence of user actions (mouse and keyboard) as a macro for playback at a later time.
