Перспективы российской службы гис

Первоочередной задачей российской службы ГИС является завершение её коренного технического перевооружения, переход на созданные в России компьютерные технологии работ. Отечественная служба ГИС будет сохраняться и развиваться, в основном, на собственной научно-технической основе, с использованием достижений мирового геофизического сообщества. Основные объемы ГИС на территории России для различных Заказчиков будут и в дальнейшем, по экономическим и организационным причинам, выполняться российскими геофизиками, с обеспечением требуемого технического уровня и эффективности работ. В то же время представляется весьма перспективной интеграция сил с западными геофизическими компаниями, как при создании новой техники и технологий ГИС, так и при совместном осуществлении геофизического сервиса, в России и за её пределами. –[1]

Заключение

Внедрение новых технологий в области геофизических методов исследования скважин позволяют проводить масштабные исследования, с высокой точностью определять конструкции скважин и породы из которых они слагаются. Современные автоматизированные приборы позволяют избегать аварии на производстве, а что самое главное уменьшить затраты по проведению исследований.

На английском языке

Oil drilling - it is not very cheap , so the accuracy of forecasts of Petroleum Geophysicists extremely important . The most common way to explore the depths of the earth is seismic . On the surface of the earth a plurality of sensors installed , and at specially organized explosion they register the direction and strength of the reflected signal. The collected data is decrypted and interpreted. So the picture is constructed with a high degree of reliability shows the place of occurrence of oil and gas fields .

The volume of information obtained is huge. For example, with sensors installed in an area of ​​200 km2 receives about 60-80 GB of data in a "simple" terrain and twice - in a more "complex" .

One of the leading suppliers of modern technologies for processing and interpretation of geological data for the oil and gas industry - the company Paradigm, serving all major oil and gas producing regions of the world . The company has offices in 20 countries, including Russia and Kazakhstan, the Russian office of Paradigm, opened in 1998 - the third largest after offices in Houston and London. Paradigm has operations in several ways. This scientific activity in the field of geophysics , development of software solutions and services in terms of geophysical and technological research. Its services cover all phases of exploration and exploitation of oil and gas fields of data processing , visualization, interpretation and modeling of the geological structure of the Earth to determine the characteristics of reservoirs, analysis, planning, drilling and drilling operations .

Such activity requires a fairly powerful , fault-tolerant and high-performance systems . In the past, geophysical data processing was performed on mainframes and supercomputers Cray. Later, they were replaced by machinery Silicon Graphics, Sun Microsystems, IBM. Now gaining popularity of processors Intel. In late February, Paradigm announced the modernization of its seismic data processing centers in the CIS. The company has established two clusters having respectively 20 and 25 dual-processor nodes based on Xeon / 3,2 GHz processor supporting Intel EM64T, disk arrays equipped with SCSI and FC-AL. Data center Paradigm was also equipped with a 32 -processor SGI Altix system based on Itanium 2 .

It is expected that the new equipment will significantly reduce the turnaround time. The company noted that the new platform supports the operation of the latest software developments Paradigm - packets 3D Wave Equation Common Shot Migration and Common Reflection Angle Migration, optimized for clusters.

Back in 2002, doubted the possibility of using in their work systems based on Xeon. However, after extensive testing in the U.S. office of a cluster configuration system based on the Xeon technology EM64T, it was agreed that it not only has high reliability , which is important for long-term cycle of calculations , but also the best quality / price ratio . - [ 2]

Computer technology GIS wells being drilled

Computer systems for GIS include:

a set of modular software-controlled downhole tools basic quantitative methods and basic GIS downhole metrological support , allowing to implement a wide range of research and exploration wells for 2-3 flights ;

computer recording terrestrial laboratory onboard computer ;

software for recording and express processing of geophysical data obtained on the well.

Besides the traditional previously for Russian complex mass of research , computer technology include GIS equipment Compensated Neutron and sonic logs , litho-density logging, carbon - oxygen logging, spectral gamma-ray logging , and multi-frequency electromagnetic multiprobe imagers ( ECI , VIKIZ ) . - [1 ]

Computer technology geotechnical studies of wells being drilled - GTI

Complexes GTI include:

range of modern drilling parameter sensors ;

computerized equipment for the rapid analysis of fluids , cuttings and core , mud logging ;

computer lab recording with onboard computing systems ;

software for data acquisition and processing of the GTI.

Implemented a number of parametric GTI stations for different purposes and with different set of hardware and software for all types of wells.

Hardware and software complexes GTI allows their use for process control cementing . - [1 ]

Computer technology research horizontal wells

Because of the geological sections and well drilling technology in the period of drilling bush directional wells in Russia developed original technology and cable-free logging these wells ( VNIIGIS , DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " NPF "Geophysics" ) .

Given the impossibility of using the applicable we types of drilling fluids hydraulic link " Slaughter - Mouth " , over 25 years ago in Russia ( VNIIGIS ) was developed and has been widely applied technology research and posting of such wells using electromagnetic communication channel. Later this technology began to be used by Western companies.

This same technology has been widely applied in drilling horizontal wells (HS) . There are now domestic and imported equipment with hydraulic communication channel .

Along with the technology research of horizontal wells (WAN) with hydraulic and electromagnetic communication channels " Slaughter - Mouth " , developed in Russia and got use new, original research technologies : Used

Technology "Horizontal " using a cable with special subs (NPF "Geophysics" );

Technology research on a special hard wireline effective during drilling in hard rock ( " Tatneftegeofizika ");

Technology research combined with the communication channel used in deep wells in the presence of a cross-sectional salt beds ( DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " VNIIGIS );

Technology research of horizontal wells with the help of autonomous hardware- methodical complexes " Amaco - Ob " ( SPC " Tvergeofizika " DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " ) .

Hardware- methodical complex " Amaco - Ob " when moving through the drill pipe conducts research wells full range of GIS , the same as in vertical wells , with independent entry in the device.

The latter two techniques are implemented using the computer stations GTI - GIS.

Due to the transition to computer technology and GIS GTI provided :

increase 2 times the performance and shortening of GIS research wells;

integrated processing of GIS and GTI to improve their information ;

optimization of well drilling and drilling modes according to the GTI;

Metrological provision of information standards and formats suitable for international audit ;

rapid data processing at the well for operational decisions .

Computer technology and equipment for research of existing oil and gas wells

GIS computer systems for existing oil and gas wells include a set of highly sensitive sensors ( flow rate, temperature, pressure , composition, flow , GK , acoustic noise collar locator , etc.) in a modular design with a common interface and ground hardware-software complex with onboard computers ( DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " SKTB " Geotron " NPF "Geophysics" ) . GIS computer systems for existing gas wells ( DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " ) are provided near parametric special lubricators and supporting ground equipment . The complex research of existing wells included compact pulsed neutron generator , the descent through tubing ( VNIIYAGG " Tatneftegeofizika " ) . - [1 ]

Structure of geophysical well in Russia

In recent years, significantly changed the structure of geophysical well in Russia. If more than half of the previously accounted for GIS research openhole wells being drilled , but now more than half of all work on GIS research accounts for cased wells to monitor the development of the fields , technical condition monitoring wells , ensuring repairs.

Structure of GIS in Russia,%

1990

1997 .

Geophysical exploration openhole 52 23

Geophysical investigations in cased wells 25 53

Shooting- blasting November 13

Geological and technological studies May 6

Test tubes layers on March 5

Other work on January 1

Geophysical investigations in cased wells made ​​in 1997 by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation - to 42,800 wells in the oil fields, "Gazprom" - in 1128 wells in gas fields and UGS . This is due , on the one hand, the increasing importance of monitoring the development of oil and gas in the later stages of their development, on the other hand , with the need for more effective use of existing wells. - [1 ]

Structure of GIS services in Russia

In 1997 , despite the economic difficulties , production organization geophysical oil and gas industry retained its capacity and scope of works . 1200 functioned units (parties ), including 360 - Research wells being drilled , 110 - GTI and mud logging , 620 - GIS control, perforation and stimulation , 110 - special and complex . Economic reforms of recent years have caused significant changes in the organization of geophysical operations in Russia. Geophysical Company now operated by government agencies ( Ministry of Energy , Ministry of Natural Resources ) are not administrative , but only through their participation in the share capital and the board of directors . Changed organizational and legal forms of enterprises geophysical service of Russia :

Large geophysical enterprise system of the former Ministry of Petroleum Industry and the Ministry of Geology passed corporatisation and privatization , with the state share in their equity does not exceed 40 %.

Several geophysical companies became part of a vertically integrated oil companies ( " Surgutneftegeofizika " in NC " Surgutneftegas ", " Noyabrskneftegazgeofizika " in NC " Sibneft ", " Tomskneftegeofizika " Eastern Oil Company , Geoinformation Center in Tomsk Branch , Siberian Research holding NC " Sibneft ", " Tyumenneftegeofizika " in Tyumen Oil Company , " Bashneftegeofizika " in NC " Bashneft "," Tatneftegeofizika " in NC " Tatneft " ) .

Created , for the first time in Russia , integrated geophysical company with its own research and instrument base through the development of scientific and technical capacity DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika ", OAO " Gazprom " .

Challenges of sustainable development "Gazprom" has demanded the creation of a new structure of the Geophysical Service of the gas industry , capable on its own to provide all kinds of industrial geophysical operations from exploration to monitoring and the whole innovation cycle - from research and development to a broad industrial application of scientific and technological progress. Formation of a new structure of geophysical service industry implemented the management of OAO " Gazprom " on the basis of development DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " and the inclusion of the leading Russian research groups in the field of geophysical research methods , construction, completion fluids , calculation of reserves DPS : SPC " Tvergeofizika ", " VNIPIvzryvgeofizika " seismic and enterprise" Kostromageofizika . " - [1 ]

Computer technology GIS wells being drilled

Computer systems for GIS include:

a set of modular software-controlled downhole tools basic quantitative methods and basic GIS downhole metrological support , allowing to implement a wide range of research and exploration wells for 2-3 flights ;

computer recording terrestrial laboratory onboard computer ;

software for recording and express processing of geophysical data obtained on the well.

Besides the traditional previously for Russian complex mass of research , computer technology include GIS equipment Compensated Neutron and sonic logs , litho-density logging, carbon - oxygen logging, spectral gamma-ray logging , and multi-frequency electromagnetic multiprobe imagers ( ECI , VIKIZ ) . - [1 ]

Computer technology geotechnical studies of wells being drilled - GTI

Complexes GTI include:

range of modern drilling parameter sensors ;

computerized equipment for the rapid analysis of fluids , cuttings and core , mud logging ;

computer lab recording with onboard computing systems ;

software for data acquisition and processing of the GTI.

Implemented a number of parametric GTI stations for different purposes and with different set of hardware and software for all types of wells.

Hardware and software complexes GTI allows their use for process control cementing . - [1 ]

Computer technology research horizontal wells

Because of the geological sections and well drilling technology in the period of drilling bush directional wells in Russia developed original technology and cable-free logging these wells ( VNIIGIS , DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " NPF "Geophysics" ) . Given the impossibility of using the applicable we types of drilling fluids hydraulic link " Slaughter - Mouth " , over 25 years ago in Russia ( VNIIGIS ) was developed and has been widely applied technology research and posting of such wells using electromagnetic communication channel. Later this technology began to be used by Western companies. This same technology has been widely applied in drilling horizontal wells (HS) . There are now domestic and imported equipment with hydraulic communication channel . Along with the technology research of horizontal wells (WAN) with hydraulic and electromagnetic communication channels " Slaughter - Mouth " , developed in Russia and got use new, original research technologies : Used

Technology "Horizontal " using a cable with special subs (NPF "Geophysics" );

Technology research on a special hard wireline effective during drilling in hard rock ( " Tatneftegeofizika ");

Technology research combined with the communication channel used in deep wells in the presence of a cross-sectional salt beds ( DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " VNIIGIS );

Technology research of horizontal wells with the help of autonomous hardware- methodical complexes " Amaco - Ob " ( SPC " Tvergeofizika " DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " ) .

Hardware- methodical complex " Amaco - Ob " when moving through the drill pipe conducts research wells full range of GIS , the same as in vertical wells , with independent entry in the device. The latter two techniques are implemented using the computer stations GTI - GIS. Due to the transition to computer technology and GIS GTI provided :

increase 2 times the performance and shortening of GIS research wells;

integrated processing of GIS and GTI to improve their information ;

optimization of well drilling and drilling modes according to the GTI;

Metrological provision of information standards and formats suitable for international audit ;

rapid data processing at the well for operational decisions . - [1 ]

Computer technology and equipment for research of existing oil and gas wells

GIS computer systems for existing oil and gas wells include a set of highly sensitive sensors ( flow rate, temperature, pressure , composition, flow , GK , acoustic noise collar locator , etc.) in a modular design with a common interface and ground hardware-software complex with onboard computers ( DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " SKTB " Geotron " NPF "Geophysics" ) . GIS computer systems for existing gas wells ( DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " ) are provided near parametric special lubricators and supporting ground equipment . The complex research of existing wells included compact pulsed neutron generator , the descent through tubing ( VNIIYAGG " Tatneftegeofizika " ) . - [1 ]

The latest GIS technology developed in Russia

Different conditions , traditions, scientific schools led the development of originality Russian geophysics and allowed as it was before ( pulse neutron generators , nuclear magnetic logging hydrodynamic logging, well testing through tubing , WWW , etc.), offer a range of new technologies, of interest to the global technical community. Some of them ( research technology of horizontal wells, GTI , etc.) mentioned above . Here I would like to emphasize technology for determining the initial and current oil saturation reservoirs based on the analysis of different types of acoustic waves multiwavelength logging . This technology represents an alternative method for the first time Archie proposed and developed in RSU NG . Of particular importance , it can get in cased wells , in combination with oxygen- carbon - logging and other methods for the analysis of oil and gas fields. To implement this technology uses a specially designed multi-wavelength acoustic logging equipment ( SPC " Tvergeofizika " DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " ) . For additional recovery of residual oil and gas reserves , along with this technology is very promising technology evaluation based on the study of spatial heterogeneity of deposits based on integrated GIS data ( RGUNG them . Gubkin ...). - [1 ]

Challenges and prospects for the development of GIS in Russia

Further development of the oil and gas industry requires the involvement of Russia in the exploration and development of new types of complicated by collectors and fluid systems , promising deposits. These include:

field confined to collectors treschinnnogo type ( Riphean deposits Yurubcheno- Takhomskoye zone of Eastern Siberia , etc.);

clayey sandstones in thin sections ( Achimov Formation and Jurassic of Western Siberia , etc.);

bituminous collectors ( field Volga-Urals , Western Siberia bazhenite ), etc.

New geological problems

Extremely important to develop methods for quantitative studies of hydrocarbon deposits with complex and mixed composition fluidal systems (gas with high content of subcritical condensate liquid condensate and oil) . Such complex characteristics differ very significant reserves of liquid hydrocarbons Achimov deposits in Western Siberia , in deposits of deep subsalt sediments of the Caspian Basin and others. To resolve these issues, the use of new methods and techniques of GIS. It seems promising to use nuclear magnetic logging in artificial fields , based on different physical imagers and scanners , geochemical logging . Main , in our view , a conceptual problem for the development of GIS is more profound theoretical and experimental cognition physical entity separate geophysical methods , their functional relationships with individual characteristics of rocks and fluids , and their synergistic use for creating the desired geological image. - [1 ]

New technological challenges

In recent years, in the fields and UGS are spreading new technologies and design in the construction of wells. These include:

high-performance large-diameter wells in the fields and underground gas storage facilities ;

exploration and production wells on the deep-seated ( more than 5 km ) long-term deposits , including AVPD and high H2S ;

exploration wells of small diameter ( 120 mm or less ) , including storm using technology " QTY TYUBING " ;

horizontal wells and horizontal sidetracks from wells operating fund .

All that technology and design in the construction of wells require appropriate hardware and software technologies GIS suitable for these conditions and geometry measurements. - [1 ]

Integration of different research methods

Significant prospects opens aggregation and integration of different types of research wells and geological sites and the creation of integrated computer systems for their implementation to address the various geological and technological challenges . Among them should be attributed created in Russia :

integrated computer stations providing geological and geophysical studies of technology ( system GTI - R) ;

integrated computer station wiring, geological, and geophysical studies of horizontal wells, including the use of autonomous geophysical instruments ;

integrated computer station for GIS , GTI , VSP in the inter-well drilling and geophysical studies ;

integrated hardware- methodical complexes for long-term geophysical, geochemical and gas-hydrodynamic studies of wells , reservoir , reservoir structures and objects of research facilities and DPS UGS for the purpose of environmental monitoring and environmental protection;

integrated system log data , core tests , field geophysics and geophysical monitoring the development , with the aim of using geological and geophysical data for the construction of geoscience and gas-hydrodynamic models of objects DPS and UGS . - [1 ]

Role in the construction of geophysical information and control systems

In all geophysical organizations , regardless of their departmental affiliation , broadly used computer technology primary GIS data with the use of hardware and software to collect and process them with a view to the formation of local , regional, and specialized databases and data banks of geological and geophysical data . DOAO " Gazpromgeofizika " "Gazprom" , GLAVNIVTS , MNR , CHE , Ministry of Energy as the main research centers carry out the development and implementation of information-measuring systems and software hierarchy. These developments are intended to form a data-processing centers with geological and geophysical information - SHI , for repeated use in the calculation and adjustment of hydrocarbon reserves , designing and managing the development , monitoring and UGS facilities DPS . Information is collected on the data exploration geophysics , well logging , geological , geochemical , and hydrogeological studies of gas-hydrodynamic wells , reservoirs, pools and facilities DPS UGS production and economic activities of enterprises engaged in their conduct . The main functions of geophysical data-processing centers is :

automated collection, recording , processing , storage and transmission over communication channels SHI hierarchy in local , regional and sectoral ITC enterprises , joint- territorial committees , companies , Institute , Research Institute ;

automation of object-oriented and complex processing SHI during exploration and reservoir modeling ;

integrated interpretation of GGR and training solutions for managing development processes DPS facilities , and construction of underground gas storage wells;

creation of local , regional and sectoral data banks geological and geophysical information BDGGin when searching - exploration - arrangement - development - production - operation and monitoring facilities DPS and UGS .

The basis for the creation of a unified approach to information network adopted the principle of hierarchical organization of information systems on levels: local - regional - Industry . Formation of departmental centers geological and geophysical information is aimed at providing a perspective of the Federal Center of the fuel and energy complex. XXI century is a century of computerization and use of information technologies for forecasting and process control of large systems in order to optimize the production process . GIS information is crucial in solving these problems. - [ 2]

Prospects for the Russian service GIS

The primary task of the Russian service of GIS is the completion of its indigenous technical re- created in the transition to a Russian computer technology works. Domestic service and GIS will continue to evolve, mainly on their own scientific and technical basis, using the achievements of the world geophysical community . The main volumes of GIS in Russia for various customers and will in the future, economic and organizational reasons , performed by Russian geophysicists with ensuring the necessary technical level and efficiency of operations . At the same time, it seems very promising integration with Western forces geophysical companies , as when creating a new technology and GIS technology , and the joint implementation of geophysical service in Russia and abroad . - [1 ]

conclusion

Introduction of new technologies in the field of geophysical research methods allow wells to conduct extensive research to accurately determine the well design and rocks of which they are composed . Modern automated instruments will avoid an accident at work, and most importantly to reduce the costs of research .