- •Особливості перекладу економічних текстів
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Increase your vocabulary
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •V. Answer the questions
- •VI. Translate using all the active possible
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •IV. Give explanations in English
- •V. Answer the questions
- •VI. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Answer the questions
- •V. Translate using the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps -with the words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Answer the questions
- •VI. Translate using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Increase your vocabulary
- •V. Check your grammar
- •VI. Answer the questions
- •VII. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Increase your vocabulary
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the -words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Check your grammar
- •V. Explain in English
- •VI. Answer the questions
- •VII. Translate using all the active possible
- •Inflation (инфляція)
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •IV. Find in the text English equivalents/or the following
- •V. Translate into English using all the active possible
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •Vocabulary notes
- •I. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Replace the parts in italics by synonyms
- •III. Find in the text opposites to the following words and expressions
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text
- •V. Explain in English
- •VII. Answer the questions
- •VIII. Translate into English using all the active possible
IV. Answer the questions
1. What's a market economy?
2. What's the main difference between a market economy and a planned economy?
3. Do changing demands affect production? In what way?
4. What's the mechanism of producing goods and services in a market economy?
5. Give the advantages of a market economy.
6. Give the disadvantages of a market economy.
VI. Translate using all the active possible
1. У ринковій економіці невелика або дуже мала необхідність у плануванні, контролі і широкомасштабному втручанні з боку держави (уряду) в економічний процес.
2. В умовах ринкової економіки зміни споживчого попиту відіграють помітну роль у формуванні політики фірм.
3. Щоб бути конкурентоспроможними і збільшувати доходи, фірми повинні постійно вивчати попит і змінювати свою діяльність у відповідь на його зміни.
4. Чим модніший товар, тим більш високу ціну треба за нього платити.
5. Деякі види послуг, наприклад охорона здоров'я та освіта, не можуть бути повністю забезпечені тільки приватними фірмами.
6. Ринкова економіка характеризується приватною власністю на ресурси і використанням системи ринків і цін для управління економічною діяльністю.
7. У такій системі кожен її учасник вільний переслідувати свої власні інтереси; кожна економічна одиниця прагне отримати найбільший можливий дохід на основі індивідуального прийняття рішень.
UNIT 5
Mixed economics (Змішана економіка)
Command and market economies both have significant faults. Partly because of this, an intermediate system has developed, known as mixed economies.
A mixed economy means very much what it says as it contains elements of both market and planned economies. At one extreme we have a command economy, which does not allow individuals to make economic decisions, at the other extreme we have a free market, where individuals exercise considerable economic freedom of choice without any government restrictions. Between these two extremes lies a mixed economy. In mixed economies some resources are controlled by the government whilst others are used in response to the demands of consumers.
Technically, all the economies of the world arc mixed: it is just the balance elements between market and planned elements that alters. Some countries are nearer to command economies, while others are closer to free market economies. So, for example, Hong Kong has some state-controlled industry, while Cuba has some privately owned and controlled firms.
The aim of mixed economies is to avoid the disadvantages of both systems while enjoying the benefits that they both offer. So, in a mixed economy the government and the private sector interact in solving economic problems. The state controls the share of the output through taxation and transfer payments and intervenes to supply essential items such as health, education and defence, while private firms produce cars, furniture, electrical items and similar, less essential products.
The UK is a mixed economy: some services arc provided by the state (for example, health care and defence) whilst a range of privately owned businesses offer other goods and services. The Conservative government under Margaret Thatcher switched many businesses from being state-owned and controlled to being privately owned as part of its privatization programme. This has taken the UK economy further away from the planned system.