Something about Pocahontas…

1. Matoaka (her real name) is born around 1596.

2. The traditional story of her rescue of Captain John Smith in 1607 and her continued relationship with him, and her help to the people of Jamestown.

3. John Smith writes A true relation in 1608 > Pocahontas does not appear.

4. Her abduction by Captain Argall in 1612 and subsequent captivity at Jamestown.

5. Her conversion to the Christian faith and her becoming Rebecca in 1613 while living in Jamestown (when you change your faith, you also change your name).

6. Her marriage to John Rolfe in 1614 and the birth of their son Thomas in 1615.

7. Her trip to England in 1616, including her success there as an ‘Indian Princess’ (her reception at the court of King James I and Queen Anne, her attendance of the Vision of Delight, the Twelfth Night masque staged by Ben Jonson, and her sitting for the Simon Van de Passe engraining of her portrait).

8. Her death and burial at Gravesend in 1617.

9. Her appearance in John Smith’s General Story of Virginia, written in 1624.

• The story of Pocahontas could be an invention made by John Smith, because she was famous and on that way he would appear as a hero (anècdota de Pablo Motos).

• Americans talk as them like ‘Hijos de la Chingara’ (hijos de la Malinche).

• Pocahontas is used by John Smith like these stories in which the woman gives herself to the conqueror > they are possessed military, politically and sexually by the conqueror, they never resist.

• Pocahontas disobeys the Patriarcal role > she disobeys her father> STOP FATHER!!!!!! (Sento)

• Pocahontas is recognizing English superiority (saving the colonizer, helping the white man> John Smith).

• Literature rewrites literature (now with the appearance of Pocahontas).

William bradford

• He was the first of the Puritans.

• End of XVIII century: the Church is divided between > Catholic (head: Pope)

>Protestant

Something about Catholic Church…

• Its culture is based on the use of paintings and sculptures to promote Catholicism (because people were analphabets) > Contrarreforma. (because of the internal problems of the Church> corruption).

• Ratzinger wanted the Bible to be in Latin. > The Bible is possessed by the hierarchical > only the most educated (the richest) people can access to the Bible.

• -Catholics believe in the "doctrine of good works": there is an objective method to know if we'll go to Hell or to Heaven.

• Catholic people believe there are many people between you and God (the Virgin Mary, for instance). While Protestantism believes in austerity (just the Cross, direct communion between individuals and God).

Something about Protestant Church…

• Puritans have 5 basic points: TULIP. They believe in predestination: there's nothing the individual could do (tragic vision of the world).

• -Puritans believe that individuals have to read the Bible and write about their lives (so they must be literate). However, the Catholic Church didn't allow individuals to read the Bible and understand it in their own words.

• -Puritans have two basic books: The Bay Psalm Book and The Pilgrims Progress (progress in the sense of journey), by John Buntan. The second one is an allegorical book about man's life on Earth: he goes on a trip to the city of Salvation.

Martin Luther > It was because of his thought the world became separated between the catholic and the protestant church (it was the main reason to start many wars). He was disgusted by the attitude of the Catholic Church (completely corrupted, rotten), so he established a "democratic church". The Catholic Church answered with the Contrareform.

• He says that the Bible must be translated so that the most of people can understand it. He wants to democratize the world of God. If the Bible is translated, everyone can read and interpret it. According to Martin, each one can have their own interpretation of the Bible (and the Church). You can create your own Church depending on your interpretation of the Bible (congregations).

• Henry VII wanted to divorce > he founded the Anglican Church in England and a new community appeared: the puritans.

• Bradford was against the Anglicanism.

• Puritans are persecuted by Anglicans, so they exile to the Netherlands. They went to found the New Worlds in 1620. Pilgrims, as they named themselves, are the most radical ones > they believe they can construct a new community, a new society, in that New Land. (page 18)

1. Doctrine of good works: there is an objective method to know if we will go to the heaven or to hell.

2. Destiny (predestination): You can’t do anything to change your future. It’s written.

3. Atonement (purificació de les culpes): Individuals have to be literate in Calvinist Church, but in Catholic Church they don’t need it, because your good works will bring you to heaven.

4. Material prosperity: God bless tm with success and money (through work) > the more you work, the better your life will be.

5. Puritan people believe that between God and the individual there are so many people (Virgin, Christ, Saints) > they do not need so many people> Churches without decoration.

Something about Calvin Church…

• Calvin confronted indulgences with his Ninety Five Theses, 1517.

• His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Charles V > excongragation.

• They want to establish their own congregation with the New World.

• They can tell people whatever they want, because they are literates and control the print media.

1. Total depravity: through Adan and Eva’s fall, every person is born sinful of Original Sin.

2. Unconditional election: God saves the ones he wants (predestination).

3. Limited atonement: Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone.

4. Irresistible Grace: God’s grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied. Grace is defined as the saving and transfiguring power of God.

5. Perseverance of the ‘saints’: the ones selected by God have to live with his grave. If they don’t, they will be going against the will of God, which is impossible in Puritanism.

• The King James Bible (first Bible).

• The Bay Psalm Book > Puritan book written in English that is about stories and so on about religion.

• The Pilgrim’s Progress > Allegory of man’s life on Earth > a trip thought Salvation (allegory to the sins). It was like a kind of guide to live without sins, to “cure” them.

• The May Flower negotiation compact > Primitive document establishing some rules for the colonies long before than the Declaration of Independence (its predecessor). A 'primitive constitution'. According to Bradford, that did not fit with his heroic plans: this is about real politics, and he didn't want to pollute Book I with such a vulgar thing. Instead of going to Virginia, the Puritans landed in Massachusetts because of the storms, so they needed a new body of government (a sign of their independence from England).

• Dramatically different kinds of colonization between English and Spanish.

• John Winthrop was the leader of the second wave of non-separatist Puritans, who arrived in 1630.