I. Перепишіть наступні речення, підкресліть у кожному з них дієслово-присудок та визначте його вид, час та стан. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

а) 1. By March 1797 Gauss had already discovered the double periodicity of certain elliptic function.

2. During 1795 he was meditating a great work on the theory of numbers.

3. As it was the beginning class none of the boys had ever heard of an arithmetical progression.

4. The design of the ship has been far from being perfect and after one voyage it has been put back into a dry dock.

б) 1. Some of Gauss’ discoveries were never made public during his lifetime.

2. The ideas which had overwhelmed Gauss since his seventeenth year were now caught and reduced to order.

3. Gauss’s work itself was called a “book of seven seals”.

II. Перепишіть наступні речення. Підкресліть Participle I та Participle II і визначте функції кожного з них, тобто укажіть, чи є воно означенням, обставиною або частиною дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

1. Röntgen called a new kind of rays X-rays, the letter X meaning an unknown.

2. The first object observed by Galileo through the telescope was the Moon.

3. Studying the nature of light and color Newton carried out many experiments with a prism.

4. Lomonosov entered the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy concealing his peasant origin.

III. Перепишіть наступні речення, підкресліть у кожному з них модальне дієслово або його еквівалент. Перекладіть речення українською мовою.

1. Wolfgang’s son Johann was to retrace practically the same path that Gauss had followed.

2. The problem how electricity could be produced had faced the scientist Volta, and the device with which he solved it, is named after him.

3. In 1816 Davy wrote: “ I have made very simple and economic lanterns, which may be useful to the miner.”

4. Having discovered the electrical properties of semiconductors scientists were able to use them for making devices small in size.

IV. Прочитайте та усно перекладіть українською мовою текст. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть 1,3 та 4-й абзаци тексту.

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL (1847-1922)

1. Bell, Alexander Graham (1847-1922), American inventor and teacher of the deaf, most famous for his invention of the telephone. Bell was born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and educated at the universities of Edinburgh and London. He immigrated to Canada in 1870 and to the United States in 1871. In the United States he began teaching deaf-mutes, publicizing the system called visible speech. The system, which was developed by his father, the Scottish educator Alexander Melville Bell, shows how the lips, tongue, and throat are used in the articulation of sound. In 1872 Bell founded a school for deaf-mutes in Boston, Massachusetts.

2. Since the age of 18, Bell had been working on the idea of transmitting speech. In 1874, while working on a multiple telegraph, he developed the basic ideas for the telephone. His experiments with his assistant Thomas Watson finally proved successful on March 10, 1876, when the first complete sentence was transmitted. Subsequent demonstrations, particularly one at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, introduced the telephone to the world and led to the organization of the Bell Telephone Company in 1877.

3. Bell was one of the cofounders of the National Geographic Society, and he served as its president from 1896 to 1904. He also founded the journal Science in 1883. Other inventions include the audiometer, used to measure acuity in hearing; the induction balance, used to locate metal objects in human bodies; and the first wax recording cylinder, introduced in 1886 The cylinder, together with the flat wax disc, formed the basis of the modem phonograph.

4. After 1895 Bell’s interest turned mostly to aeronautics. His study of flight began with the construction of large kites, and in 1907 he devised a kite capable of carrying a person. With a group of associates Bell developed the aileron, a movable section of an airplane wing. Applying the principles of aeronautics to marine propulsion_, his group started work on hydrofoil boats, which travel above the water at high speeds. His final full-sized "hydrodrome," developed in 1917, reached speeds in excess of 113 km/h and for many years was the fastest boat in the world. He died on August 2, 1922, at Baddeck, where a museum containing many of his original inventions is maintained by the Canadian government.

V. Прочитайте 2-й абзац тексту та дайте письмову відповідь на наступне запитання:

What did to the organization of the Bell Telephone Company in 1877?

ВАРІАНТ 5