Як Ми Сприймаємо Форму і Простір
Ex.1. Прочитайте та перекладіть поданий нижче текст:
How We Perceive Shape, Form, and Space
Look up from this book to an object across the room to see if you can feel the movement of your eye muscles. If you didn’t feel anything, try again until you become aware that your eyes are working to refocus.
You have just taken a trip through visual space. Your brain measured the amount of space between you and the object and sent a message to your eye muscles to adjust. The muscles then refocused your eyes so that you could clearly see the object.
Perceiving Depth
Your eyes and brain work together to enable you to see in three dimensions —height, width, and depth. Each eye sees an object from a slightly different angle. The brain merges these two separate and slightly different views into one, creating a three-dimensional image.
To see how this works try the following experiment. Close your right eye. Point to a specific spot in the room. Without moving your pointing finger, open your right eye and close your left eye. It will appear that you have moved your finger, even though you know you have not.
Experiments in Point of View
You can learn about point of view by doing the following experiments. Place your hand flat on the desk and spread your fingers apart. The shape and form you see are the shape and form you would probably draw. They are part of the mental image you have of the object “hand.” Now lift your hand and let your fingers relax. Notice how the shape and form of your hand change. Turn your hand and watch what happens. Your hand is still the same hand. Only its shape and form are different.
Next, look at a rectangular table. What shape does the top have when you are sitting at the table? Look at the top through a rectangular viewing frame. Are the edges of the table parallel to the edges of the frame? You know the top is a rectangle, but does it really look rectangular now? What shape does the top seem to take if you are sitting across the room from it? What would the shape look like if you viewed it from the top of a tall ladder? Do you think the shape you see will change if you lie on the floor directly under the table?
When you looked at your hand, your eyes stayed in the same place, but your hand moved. When you studied the table, it remained in one place, but you moved. In both cases, what you saw changed because your relationship to the object changed. Your point of view depends on where you are and where the object is. Look at Figure 4.1. Where is the artist’s point of view in relation to the people in that picture?
Figure 4.1.
Ex.2. Випишіть десять незнайомих вам слів з тексту: «How We Perceive Shape, Form, and Space»
Ex.3. Складіть три запитання до тексту.
Ex.4. Доповніть речення:
If you didn’t feel anything, try again until you become aware that …
Your brain measured the amount of space between you and the object and sent a …
Without moving your pointing finger, open your right eye and …
The shape and form you see are …
Your point of view depends on where you are and …
What would the shape look like if you viewed it from …
In both cases, what you saw changed because your relationship to …
Ex.5. Визначте які з поданих нижче речень правдиві, а які ні:
1. You have just taken a trip through visual space.
2. It will not appear that you have moved your finger, even though you know you have not.
3. Place your hand flat on the desk and spread your fingers apart.
4. When you looked at your hand, your eyes stayed in the same place, but your hand moved.
Питання для самоконтролю:
1. What three dimensions are we able to see?
2. Why may people who are looking at the same object see different shapes and forms?
Рекомендована література:
1. Rosalind Ragans, Ph.D. «Art Talk – Interactive Student Edition ( 4th Ed)» Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2005
2. Gene Mittler «Art in Focus» Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2006
Unil 6. Як художники використовують текстуру