Текст № 2 для письменного перевода.

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

In the past, financial management was not a major concern for a business. A company used to establish relations with a local hank. The hank handled the financing and the company took care of producing and selling.

Today only a few firms operate in this way. Ussually businesses have their own financial managers who work with the banks. They negotiate terms of financial transactions, compare rates among competing financial institutions. Financial management begins with the creation of a financial plan. The plan includes timing and amount of funds and (lie inflow and the inflow and outflow of money.

The financial manager develops and controls the financial plan. He also forecasts the economic conditions, the company's revenues, expenses and profits.

The financial manager's job starts and ends with the company's objectives. He reviews them and determines the funding they require. The financial manager compares the expenses involved to the expected revenues. It helps him to predict cash flow. The available cash consists of beginning cash plus customer payments and funds from financing.

The financial manager plans a strategy to make the ending cash positive. If cash outflow exceeds cash inflow the company will run out of cash. The solution is to reduce outflows. The financial manager can trim expenses or ask the customers to pay faster.

The financial manager also chooses financing techniques. One of them is short -term financing. Another is long term financing.

At the end of the fiscal year the financial manager reviews the company's financial status and plans the next year's financial strategy.

Текст для аудиторной работы

STARTING-UP FINANCING

The young businessman must find sources of money that will last until revenue begins to exceed cash outflows. He must be creative in finding start-up funding. New small businesses can start with the businessman's own assets. On top of that, start-up financing may conic from freinds and relatives. The larger businesses can obtain funds from venture capital investors.

One of the personal assets the businessman can use to raise funds for the business is his home. The value of the home (hat the own has paid for is called the owner's equity in the home. By pledging this equity, the homeowner can obtain a second mortgage or a home equity loan.

A businessman can find another source of start-up financing by a life insurance policy. Many policies build up cash surrender value- the money that the policy holder can borrow at a low interest rate.

Those who need more funds can obtain a variable rate installment loan. It is a personal loan with an interest rate tied to the prime rate or some other index. When the index changes the rate changes in the same direction.

Some good sources of start-up funds are family members and friends. Many people can afford to lend at a low interest rate. The lender can share ownership of the business or can become a partner or shareholder in a corporation.

In some cases new companies can obtain cash from venture capital firms. These financial intermediaries specialize in funding ventures with good promise and invest in bysinesses which generate high profits within five years. Initially venture capital firms invested in high-tech industries, but now other branches enjoy this kind of financial especially those working in the health-care field. The venture capital firms provide seed money to start a new company, funds to help the venture grow and gain the market and money to buy out a business.

TEXT TWO: GETTING A JOB

In Britain there is a special service for school leavers, The Careers Advisory Service, which helps young people who are looking for their first jobs. Career Officers give practical advice on interview techniques, application forms, letters, pay, National Insurance and Trade Unions.

This is an extract from a leaflet which is given to young people by Dorset

Careers Service:

THE INTERVIEW

You've got an interview for a job - good! So now for the hard work. To do well at an interview you need to put in some thought first.

The employer wants to know if you are the person he wants, so you'll be asked about yourself. Think about it now;

What do I do well?

What are my good points?

Why would I like this job?

Spare-time interests? Hobbies?

Marital status?

What is family like?

What do I like doing and why?

What do I not like doing and why?

School activities?

School subjects?

Previous work? (Previous experience?)

Saturday job?

You will want to ask questions too.

The job itself?

Training?

Prospects?

Further education?

Conditions?

Can I see where I would be working?

Hours?

Write your questions down and take them with you.

When applying by letter:

1. Remember that first impressions are important.

2. Write clearly and neatly on good notepaper, unlined if possible.

3. Check for spelling mistakes. Use a dictionary if you are not sure of a word.

profit	прибыль
syn: income	доход
ant: a loss	убыток
net profit	чистый доход
profitable	прибыльный, доходный
a consortium	консорциум
to agree	соглашаться
ant: to disagree	не соглашаться; не соответствовать; быть вредным(о пище, климате и т.п.)
to agree to smth	соглашаться с ч-л
to agree with smb	соглашаться с к-л
an agreement	соглашение, договор
to be binding(on)	быть обязательным (для)
A good command of business English Is absolutely binding on an up-to-date manager.	Хорошее владение деловым английским языком безусловно обязательно для современного менеджера.
a job	работа; (разг.) место, служба, занятие
syn: an occupation	занятие, род занятий
to get a job	получать (находить) работу
ant: to lose a job	потерять работу
to offer a job	предлагать работу
to apply for a job	искать работу; присматривать себе работу
syn: to look for a job I'm applying for a job as computer programmer.	Я ищу работу (место) программиста компьютера.
to apply for a job to … -	обращаться по вопросу трудоустройства в ...
to apply for a post -	подавать заявление о приеме на должность
to apply by letter -	обращаться с письмом
an application	заявление
an application form-	анкета (поступающего на работу)
an applicant	претендент на должность; проситель
a school leaver	выпускник школы
a graduate	выпускник университета
He’s a graduate of Oxford.	Он окончил Оксфордский университет).
The Careers Advisory Service	Консультационное бюро по профориентации
a career officer -	консультант по профориентации
syn: a career master
a carver woman	работающая женщина, имеющая специальность
She had the choice a home and a career.	У нее был выбор между домом (семьей) и работой.
to pay	платить
pay -	оплата, зарплата
What's the pay like here?	Сколько здесь платят?

ДИАЛОГ

Victor Petrenko, the new Commercial Director of TST Systems, is going to England on business. He is telephoning John Cartwright. Victor is asking John to reserve a room at a hotel. After that Victor is buying an air ticket to London.

Telephone Conversation with the English Firm	Телефонный разговор с английской фирмой
— Continental Equipment. Can I help you?	— Continental Equipment. Чем я могу быть Вам полезна?
— I'd like to speak to Mr Cartwright, please.	— Я бы хотел поговорить с м-ром Картрайтом.
— Mr Cartwright? What is your name, please?	— С м-ром Картрайтом? Простите, а с кем я разговариваю?
— I am Victor Petrenko, from TST Systems.	— Я — Виктор Петренко из компании ТСТ Системз.
— Wait a minute, please. I'll find out if he is in.	— Одну минуту, пожалуйста. Я узнаю, на месте ли он.
— What is it, Miss Elliot?	— В чем дело, мисс Эллиот?
— Mr Petrenko wants to speak to you, sir.	— С Вами хочет поговорить м-р Петренко.
— I'm very busy at the moment. Ask him to phone later.	— Я сейчас очень занят. Попросите его позвонить попозже
— Yes, sir.	— Хорошо, сэр.
— Oh ... wait a minute. Miss Elliot. What is Mr Petrenko?	— О ... подождите одну минуту, мисс Эллиот. А кто он – этот м-р Петренко?
— He said he was from TST Systems.	— Он сказал мне, что он из компании ТСТ Системз
— From TST Systems? ... Oh, ask him what his telephone number is. I'll ring him back.	— Из компании ТСТ Системз? ... Узнайте его телефонный номер. Я позвоню ему сам.
— Hello? This is Mr Cartwright's secretary speaking.	— Алло. Это говорит секретарь м-ра Картрайта.
— Yes ... Petrenko, here.	— Да ... Петренко слушает
— I'm sorry Mr Cartwright's very busy at the moment. Can you tell me your telephone number, Mr Petrenko? Mr Cartwright'11 call you later.	— Я прошу прощения, но м-р Картрайт сейчас очень занят. Не могли бы Вы мне назвать свой телефонный номер? М-р Картрайт перезвонит Вам позже.
— Of course. Double five-nine-three-six-four-two.	— Конечно. 559-36-42.
— ... and where are you calling from?	— ... а откуда Вы звоните?