- •Введение
- •Part I focus 1 position of adjectives
- •Focus 2 suffixes and prefexes
- •Focus 3 gradable and ungradable adjectives
- •Focus 4 the order of adjectives in sentences
- •Focus 5 comparison
- •Focus 6 participial adjectives
- •Focus 8 adjectives without nouns
- •Focus 10 adverbs
- •Focus 9 compound adjectives
- •Focus 11 position of adverbs
- •Focus 12 adverbs and adjectives
- •Focus 13 degree adverbs
- •Focus 14 comment adverbs, viewpoint adverbs, focus adverbs
- •Focus 15 comparative and superlative adverbs
- •Part 2 test yourself
- •Test 2
- •Part 3 adjective Formation of adjectives
- •Types of adjectives
- •Order of adjectives
- •Position of adjectives
- •Predicative Adjectives
- •Attributive Adjectives
- •Adjectives that can change in meaning before a noun or after «be»
- •Substantivized adjectives
- •(A native, a relative, a black, a white, a saint, a patient, a savage, a Liberal, a Conservative, a Republican, a Democrat, a noble, a private, a Catholic, a Christian)
- •Partially substantivized adjectives
- •(A rich man, a sick person)
- •The English – two Englishmen/women, three Swiss, etc.
- •Participial adjectives
- •A very convincing example
- •Degrees of Comparison
- •A Higher Degree
- •The formation of comparative and superlative.
- •Irregular Comparison
- •Further – the furthest (with reference to distance, abstract notions, to denote “another” “additional”
- •Position of comparatives
- •More and More than
- •How significant a role did he play in your life?
- •It was like a dream
- •Same as
- •Other prepositions
- •The better the joke (is), the louder the laugh(is). The longer Sue stays in Canada, the less likely she will ever go back to England.
- •It almost seems that the more expensive the wedding, the shorter the marriage!
- •Adjectives used with the pronoun one/ones
- •Function Adverbs may function either as adverbials or as modifiers.
- •Comparison
- •Comparison at the same degree is formed by the folllowing:
- •Modification of Comparatives and superlatives
- •The Difference in meaning
- •The adverb deep means “far down or in.”
- •Adjectives or Adverbs? (Confusing cases)
- •Types of adverbs
- •6. Interrogative and conjunctive adverbs.
- •The Position of Adverbs
- •Adverbs of manner
- •Adverbs of place
- •3) Adverbs of time
- •4. Adverbs of frequency
- •6. Focusing adverbs
- •7. Adverbs of degree
- •246019, Г. Гомель, ул. Советская, 104
- •246019, Г. Гомель, ул. Советская, 104
Part 3 adjective Formation of adjectives
A. Adjectives formed with suffixes
Many adjectives are formed from other parts of speech by adding different suffixes, the most common of which are:
-able comfortable, reliable
-ible sensible, visible
-ant elegant, arrogant
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-al cultural, medical
-ic atomic heroic
-ish foolish, childish
-ive attractive, expensive
-ful useful, careful
-less useless, helpless
-ly friendly, deadly
-ous dangerous, curious
-y dirty, dusty
B. Adjectives formed with prefixes
Some prefixes give the adjectives the opposite meaning.
A prefix (e.g. im-) added to an adjective generally has a negative effect:
I think it’s impossible to solve the problem.
un- uncooked, unimaginable
in- incapable, inhuman
il- illegal, illegible
im- immoral, impractical
dis- dishonest, disagreeable
ir- irresponsible, irregular
counter- counterproductive
anti- antisocial
non- non-violent
Some prefixes give a strong clue to meaning:
inter- between groups - intercontinental
pre- before - prehistoric
hyper- to a large degree - hypersensitive
auto- independent - automatic
ultra- very extreme - ultramodern
uni- one - unilateral
bi- two - bilingual
Compound adjectives
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These are the most common and least restricted patterns for forming compound adjectives.
adjective or number plus noun plus “-ed”, e.g. grey-haired, one-sided
adjective or adverb plus past participle, e.g. low-paid, well-behaved
adjective, adverb, or noun plus present participle, e.g. good-looking, long-lasting
These are less common and more restricted patterns for forming compound adjectives:
noun plus past participle, wind-blown
noun plus adjective, e.g. trouble-free
adjective plus noun, e.g. deep-sea, present-day
past participle plus adverb, e.g. run-down
number plus singular count noun, e.g. five-page
Here are some examples of compound qualitative adjectives:
absent-minded, easy-going, good-tempered, light-hearted, narrow-minded, etc.
Here are some examples of compound classifying adjectives:
audio-visual, brand-new, first-class, high-heeled, left-handed, north-east
Here are some examples of compound colour adjectives:
bottle-green, ice-blue, sky-blue, snow-white
A few compound adjectives are made up of more than two words. Compound adjectives of two or more words are often written with hyphens when they are used in front of nouns and without hyphens when they are used as the compliment of a link verb.
.... a down-to-earth approach, life-and-death decisions
Their act is out of date.