Is only one main part (e.G. Silence! Come here!) Such sentences contain neither the

subject nor the predicate. As it was pointed out by academician V.Vinogradov, grammatical subject and grammatical predicate are correlative notions

and the terms are meaningless outside their relation to each other. He suggested

that for one-member sentences, the term "main part" should be used, without

giving it any more specific name.

One-member sentences are further divided into:

a) nominal or "naming" sentences;

b) infinitival sentences.

Nominal sentences name a person or thing. The main member in such

sentences is expressed by a noun.

e.g. Winter. Snow.

The main member of infinitival sentences is expressed by an infinitive.

Infinitival sentences are fairly common in spoken English and literary prose. Like

other units of predicative value, they can communicate not only their denotative

meaning but also the connotative suggestions of various circumstances of their use.

e.g. To talk like that to your own mother! To have eloped with a butler!чтобы тайно сбежать с дворецким

One-member sentences should be kept apart from two-member sentences

with either the subject or the predicate omitted, i. e. from elliptical sentences. Ellipsis in sentence-structure is a natural syntactic process in linguistic

development presented as normal practices in many, if not all, languages. In terms

of traditional grammar, elliptical sentences are generally identified as sentences

with the subject or predicate missing.

The main sphere of elliptical sentences is dialogue.

e.g. Where are you going? – To the movies.

In terms of structure the following types of elliptical sentences are singled

out:

a) omission of the subject: e.g. Hope to see you soon.

b) omission of the predicate in patterns with there is, there are, e. g. Too

many mistakes, I am afraid.

c) omission of auxiliary, copulative and other function verbs, e. g. You like it

here?

d) omission of the subject and auxiliary verb, e. g. Hear me?

e) omission of the subject and the copula-verb, e. g. Glad to see you again.

Classification of sentences according to prof. Pocheptsov

Prof. Pocheptsov suggests the following classification of sentences.

All sentences are divided into sentences proper and quasi-sentences.

Sentences proper are communications, they have the subject-predicate base

and differ in the way they relate contents to reality.

Quasi-sentences are not communications, they do not have the subject-

predicate base. These are either vocatives (звательный падеж, обращение) (John), or interjectional sentences expressing emotions (Oh), or meta-communicative sentences used to open or close a speech contact (Good day). Quasi-sentences are granted the status of sentences just because they can substitute for sentences in the flow of speech being characterized by separateness and acquiring intonational characteristics of the sentence.

Sentences proper are further divided into declarative (John came),

Interrogative (Did John come), optative (If John came) and inductive (Come).

An interrogative sentence is an inquiry of information that the author of the

sentence does not have. A declarative sentences is a communication of information.

Both an optative and inductive sentences express the speaker’s voluntative

attitude to some event. The difference is that in the first case the desire does not get

satisfied while in the second case it is realized by means of verbal influence on the

participant of the situation being the source of the corresponding action.

The main sentence parts: the subject and the predicate, their types

The subject and the predicate have a unique standing in the system of

sentence parts. They form the backbone of the sentence. They are interdependent

and independent of any other sentence member while all other members can be

dependent either on the subject or on the predicate. The subject and the predicate

can form a sentence on their own.

e.g. She smiles. He is running.

The Subject

The subject is one of the two main parts of the sentence. It denotes the thing

whose action or characteristic is expressed by the predicate. It may be expressed by

different parts of speech, the most frequent ones being: a noun in the common

case, a personal pronoun in the nominative case, a demonstrative pronoun, a

substantivised adjective, a numeral, an infinitive, and a gerund. It may also be

expressed by a phrase.

The subject performs two main functions: categorial and relative. The

categorial function of the subject consists in naming the possessor of the

predicative feature expressed by the predicate. The relative function of the subject

consists in its being the original element in the syntagmatic development of the

sentence, thus constituting the predicate’s left environment as opposed to its right

environment.

As it has already been mentioned, the subject always goes with the

predicate, therefore, one-member nominal sentences do not have a subject.

The Predicate

The predicate denotes the action or property of the thing expressed by the

subject. It can be expressed by numerous ways. The predicate expresses the

predicative feature which characterized the object expressed by the subject, thus it

realizes the categorial function. Being a link between the subject and the right

environment of the verb, it performs the relative function.

According to morphological characteristics, four types of predicates can be

singled out:

- verbal;

- nominal;

- phraseological;

- contaminated.

Accepting the elementary sentence and the syntactic process as