8 Customs and traditions in the usa.

Every nation has different customs and traditions, its own way of life. In Europe there are people who have lived in the same house and been in the same job for twenty, thirty or more years. That;s not the American way of life. The Americans love change, they call it the spirit of adventure, a spirit that they think is more characteristic of America than of Europe. They like to move away, to change homes and jobs. While the Englishman thinks it is ill mannered to ask private questions, the American doesn’t feel that at all. He will tell you all about himself, his wife and family, and ask where you have come from, what your job is, how you like America and how long you are staying. The American prefers sociability. In his home he does not object to being seen by everyone — he actually likes it. With this sociability goes overwhelming hospitality. A national Thanksgiving Day is perhaps the only holiday spent by the Americans at home. Table decorations follow a traditional pattern — a harvest of Indian corn, apples, oranges, walnuts and grapes. Flowers also bring the fall scene indoors. The centrepiece is the traditional roast turkey. Still another American tradition concerns Halloween. Its origin dates back hundreds of years to the Druid festival. The Druid New Year began on November 1, marking the beginning of winter and the reign of the Lord ofDeath. The custom of telling ghost stories on Halloween comes from the Druids. On this occasion children usually wear ghost costumes or false faces. They also carve out rounded eyes in pumpkins and put burning candles inside them to make them visible from far away. In Texas, where the West begins, the biggest annual festival — the Fat Stock Show — is held. Its rodeo, hold together with the stock show, is the biggest indoor rodeo on the earth. And, of course, no nation can exist without humour. As they themselves say, American must have one wife, two cars, three children, four pets, five suits, six acres, seven credit cards — and is lucky to have eight cents in his pocket.

9 National holidays in Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan is a large multinational country which is rich with its both old traditions and new ones acquired for the period of Independence. The Republic of Kazakhstan observes international holidays such as New Year, 8 March but it also has holidays specific only for this country such as Unity Day, Capital Day etc.  All the holidays of Kazakhstan may be divided into national, state and professional ones. The national holidays are the holidays in honor of the events having a special historical importance for the development of Kazakhstan. Celebration of the national holidays is accompanied with holding of official events. Such holiday is considered Independence Day of Kazakhstan.  The state holidays are the holidays devoted to the events having social and political importance, they also include traditional Kazakh holidays. This category of the holidays includes New Year, 8 March, Nauryz, Unity Day, Capital  Day, Constitution Day etc. 

10 My study at the University.

Buketov Karaganda State University is the second university in the history of Kazakhstan, and it is one of the oldest and largest universities in the country. Buketov Karaganda State University, being a classical university, has an important social and cultural mission. Our university, according to the traditions of classical universities, maintains high level and fundamental character of higher education.

I entered this university in 2013 , majoring in " Life safety and environmental protection " , that is, when I finish training can work engineer for safe. Education is given to me easily, and I am very interested to acquire new knowledge here. The school day begins here usually at 10 am and ends at 16 o'clock . Our university teachers are very friendly and responsive. Each of them explains his lesson very accessible and understandable . At university, I encountered the first time with the credit system . At first I could not understand , but eventually became accustomed I even liked . Here you can still be engaged in a variety of sports and participate in competitions. In general I love learning Karaganda State University .

11 London and its sights.

London has nearly 2,000 years of recorded history. It was founded as Londinium by the Romans, following their invasion in A.D. 4-3. They built the first wooden bridge and in A.D. 120 began the construction of the defensive walls, fragments of which can still be seen today.

The Great Fire of 1666 destroyed three quarters of the City - the commercial and financial centre of London. After that the old timber houses were replaced by buildings of brick in order to reduce any future fire risk. Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt St. Paul's Cathedral and designed 51 new churches, of which 23 still stand. The magnificent classical structure of the Cathedral is crowned by the spectacular (эффектный) dome. Inside the dome are scenes from the life of St. Paul painted by Sir James Thornhill. There too is the famous Whispering Gallery, where the slightest sound can be heard right round its circumference (окружность). There are many memorials in the cathedral too.

Westminster, now the political centre of London, can boast of its history and architectural memorials. Westminster Abbey was built by Henry III in the 13th century. All coronations have taken place there. The Abbey contains many tombs end memorials to eminent men and women, but perhaps the most popular ones are those to writers, actors and musicians in Poet's Corner.

The present Houses of Parliament built after the old palace burnt down in 1834 attract immediate attention. Big Ben chimes the hours. Its minute hands are 14 ft. long. In Parliament square opposite you can see a number of statues to famous statesmen, including Sir Winston Churchill.

Tourists usually visit Downing Street, named after Sir George Downing, one of Harvard's first graduates in 1642. No. 10 has been the Prime Minister's official residence since the 18th century. Buckingham Palace, the queen's official London residence is another place of interest in Westminster. The Queen's Gallery holds regular changing exhibitions of works from the royal collections, and at the Royal News you can see the Queen's horses and carriage, including the magnificent State Carriage used for coronations.

The private gardens of Buckingham Palace extent to Hyde Park Corner - Hyde Park and the adjoining Kensington Gardens together form one of London's largest open spaces and provide plenty of scope for leisure activities. Speakers' Corner is popular with tourists. There, on Sundays, people are free to give voice to their opinion on almost every subject.

Trafalgar Square is famous for its pigeons [pidzenz](голуби), demonstrations and New Year Celebrations. It was laid out in 1829-41 to commemorate the great navel battle of 1805 when the French fleet was defended by the English under Admiral Lord Nelson. In the centre of the Square is the 170 ft Nelson's Column.