8. Rewrite the following text and translate 1-3 paragraphs of the text. Mechanics

Mechanics is a science concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces, including the special case in which a body remains at rest. Of first concern in the problem of motion are the forces that bodies exert on one another. This leads to the study of such topics as gravitation, electricity, and magnetism, according to the nature of the forces involved. Given the forces, one can seek the manner in which bodies move under the action of forces; this is the subject matter of mechanics proper.

Mechanics may be divided into three branches: statics, which deals with forces acting on and in a body at rest; kinematics, which describes the possible motions of a body or system of bodies; and kinetics, which attempts to explain or predict the motion that will occur in a given situation. Alternatively, mechanics may be divided according to the kind of system studied. The simplest mechanical system is the particle, defined as a body so small that its shape and internal structure are of no consequence in the given problem. More complicated is the motion of a system of two or more particles that exert forces on one another and possibly undergo forces exerted by bodies outside of the system.

The principles of mechanics have been applied to three general realms of phenomena. The motions of such celestial bodies as stars, planets, and satellites can be predicted with great accuracy thousands of years before they occur. As the second realm, ordinary objects on Earth down to microscopic size (moving at speeds much lower than that of light) are properly described by classical mechanics without significant corrections. The third realm of phenomena comprises the behaviour of matter and electromagnetic radiation on the atomic and subatomic scale. Although there were some limited early successes in describing the behaviour of atoms in terms of classical mechanics, these phenomena are properly treated in quantum mechanics.

It is a remarkable fact that, although Newton's laws are no longer considered to be fundamental, nor even exactly correct, the three conservation laws derived from Newton's laws — the conservation of energy, momentum, and angular momentum —remain exactly true even in quantum mechanics and relativity. Energy, momentum, and angular momentum still firmly hold centre stage. The continuing importance of these ideas inherited from classical mechanics may help to explain why this subject retains such great importance in science today.

Notes to the text:

mechanics – механіка;

motion – рух, переміщення;

to predict – прогнозувати, віщувати:

celestial – небесний, чарівний;

to inherit – наслідувати.

9. Answer the following questions:

1. What does mechanics study?

2. Into what branches can mechanics be divided?

3. Classical mechanics was successful in describing the behaviour of atoms, wasn't it?

4. What are the central concepts of classical mechanics that are true in science today?

ІІ курс ІІ семестр

ВАРІАНТ 4

1. Complete these sentences with a suitable verb in the correct form: - ing or infinitive (with or without “to”).

1. He is proud (work) with this Famous scientist.

2. The engineer advised them (use) new method of work.

3. He needs (work) harder if he wants to make progress.

4. This dress makes me (look) fat.

5. He tried to avoid (answer) my questions.

2. Find sentence in which the modal verb is used to express probability and underline it. Translate the sentences.

1. This equipment should be installed by Monday.

2. Such defects may easily lead to a serious breakdown of the machine.

3. The agents telegraphed to the shippers that the steamer might arrive in Odessa on May 15.

4. He could go to the library with you.

3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice.

1. The cases are being counted by the customs officer.

2. This flowerpot has been put on a windowsill by one of our neighbors.

3. The car was returned to me in excellent condition.

4. Our new house will have been built by January.

4. Define the type of the Conditional clauses and translate them.

1. Should you find him, ask him to buy this computer.

2. Had I time, I would help you to adjust this device.

3. Providing all the requirements were met, the efficiency of the apparatus would be increased.

4. If it were not so late now, I would go to see him.

5. If you had less luggage, we could walk to the station.

5. Fill in each blank with “would have” or “wouldn’t have” and correct form of the verb.

1. If the President hadn’t been in a hurry, he (give) ___ a longer speech. _______

2. If I had been feeling well, I (be) ___ in the University.

3. If you had known Grammar better, you (make) ___ so many mistakes.

4. If we had sent off the letter, they (receive) ___ it.

6. Give the Ukrainian equivalents of the following “noun + noun” constructions:

Speed regulation, household appliances, outer-space civilization, radio transmitter, radio-receiver, radar set, circuit-board, wave propagation, sales manager, air current, signal power, sun spots, camera tube.

7. Form new words with the following suffixes and translate them.

- fy	gas, class, quality
-ly	full, clear, recent, wide
-en	light, fresh, weak, wide
- ment	judge, equip, establish