12)Data Security: How to prevent a computer from crimes and disasters?

13)Recent developments in it

IT is a driving factor in the process of globalization. Improvements in the early 1990s in computer hardware, software, and telecommunications greatly increased people’s ability to access information and economic potential. While advancements in Internet-based tools over the past five to ten years, such as social networking websites, twitter, and other Web2.0 applications are changing the way people use and share information for personal, political, and commercial purposes. These developments have facilitated efficiency gains in all sectors of the economy. IT drives the innovative use of resources to promote new products and ideas across nations and cultures, regardless of geographic location.

The spread of IT and its applications has been extraordinarily rapid. Twenty years ago, large and bulky mobile telephones were carried only by a small number of users in just a few U.S. cities. Global mobile cellular penetration reached 96 percent in 2012 (ICT Facts and Figures, 2013). In some developing countries, mobile phones are used by more people than the fixed line telephone network.

Technology is now the forefront of the modern world creating new jobs, innovations, and networking sites to allow individuals to connect globally.

• 18 years ago: Internet commercialized

• 17 years ago: first mobile phone with Internet connectivity

• 15 years ago: Google named the search engine of choice by PC magazine

• 12 years ago: Blackberry launched

• 9 years ago: Facebook launched

• 7 years ago: Twitter launched

• 6 years ago: iPhone, the first of the smart phones, introduced

• 5 years ago: Groupon introduced

• 2 years ago: 17 million smart tablets sold — estimated that 100 + million by 2014

• 1 year ago: Google Glass announced

• Every 60 seconds (so it seems): new apps, tailored to users’ specific needs created

14)How to become a professional in computing?

15)The future in it

The history of IT is littered with innovative and disruptive technologies. In the 1960s, mainframe computers revolutionized the way businesses managed information. By the 1980s, word processors and PCs automated office tasks, and spreadsheets yielded new insights into better business practices. Starting in the 1990s, the Internet and mobility unleashed a torrent of change that put the IT department at the center of the enterprise. Powerful and efficient enterprise systems were the order of the day.

But these developments pale in comparison to the tsunami of change washing over IT organizations today. The introduction of iPads and iPhones, social media, big data, and cloud computing have unleashed profound changes that far exceed the impact of each of these devices or systems alone. The combined impact of these technologies is redefining the way organizations and people interact. It's also revolutionizing how businesses harness data, information and knowledge and put them into play. "The IT department is undergoing a remarkable transformation," says David Nichols, Americas CIO Services Leader for consulting firm Ernst & Young.

Make no mistake, IT organizations must adapt and evolve like never before. Over the next few years, the role of IT will change further as the consumerization of IT marches forward and cloud computing provide more powerful ways to manage everything from infrastructure to enterprise applications. "The interrelationship between technologies is creating unprecedented waves of disruption," observes Bill Briggs, global lead at Deloitte Consulting. "It's forcing organizations to rethink everything and embrace a post-digital world filled with new risks and opportunities."

Over the last half-century, computers have become infinitely more powerful, software has advanced and mobile devices have put information in front of customers and employees and provided them with powerful tools. The enormous popularity of iPhones, iPads and other mobile hardware and software has yanked control of IT away from enterprises and put consumers firmly in charge. The consumerization of IT and the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) movements have wrested control of IT decision-making away from CIOs and enterprises.