1. Розкрий дужки, постав дієслова у Present Continuous Tense.

1. The boys (to run) about in the garden. 2 I (to do) my homework. 3. John and his  friends (to go) to the library. 4. Ann (to sit) at  her desk. She (to study) geography. 5. A young man (to stand) at the window. He (to smoke) a cigarette. 6. The old man (to walk) about the room.7. The dog (to lie) on the floor. 8. You (to have) a break? 9. What language you (to study)? 10. Who (to lie) on the sofa? 11. What they (to talk) about? 12. It still (to rain). 

Past Continuous вживається, коли момент або період виконання дії чітко зазначено. + - ? Коротка відповідь + коротка відповідь - I (he, she, it) was working. I (he, she, it) wasn't working. Was I (he, she, it) working? Yes, I (he, she, it) was. No, I (he, she, it) wasn't. You (we, they) were working. You (we, they) weren't working. Were you (we, they) working? Yes you(we, they)were. No, you(we, they) weren't.

Past Simple or Past Continuous?

1.Our team played/was playing well. We won/were winning at half time but in the end we lost/were losing 3-2.

2. Jack was playing/played happily with his toys when his big brother hit/was hitting him on the head.

3. James and his friends 1) ……… (decide) to go camping on the mountainside for the weekend. There 2) ………. (be) few of them so they 3)……….. (need) two tents. The friends have often camped out on the mountain and 4) ………. (know) the path very well. The site they 5) ……. (choose) 6) ………… (be) at the base of a cliff. James 7) ………. (light) two stoves and 8) ………… (cook) them all some food. Then they 9) ……… (go) to bed. They 10) ……… (wake up) just after loud thunder. The sound of rain 11) ……….. (keep) them awake so they 12) …… (sit) up for the rest of the night.

 Future Continuous Tense

+	-	?
I shall be driving	I shall not be driving	Shall I be driving?
You will be driving	You will not be driving	Will you be driving?
He (she, it) will be driving	He (she, it) will not be driving	Will he (she, it) be driving?
We shall be driving	We shall not be driving	Shall we be driving?
They will be driving	They will not be driving	Will they be driving?

Знайди правильний варіант.

1. I shall go/shall be going to the party when my brother arrives.

2. Will you pass / will you be passing me the books from him tomorrow?

3. I’m sure Tom will give up/is giving up the job.

4. Jack isn’t free on Monday. He will write/ will be writing at home.

5. Jim is going to study from 7 till 10 this evening. So at 8.30 this evening he will learn/will be learning new words.

6. While I shall read/ shall be reading this poem she will play/ will be playing the piano.

7. When you call him he will sleep/ will be sleeping.

8. I hope the next mail will bring/ will be bringing news from home.

9. Her homework is not finished. She will work/ will be working at it.

10. At what time will you be/ will you being at home?

 Future Simple , Present Continuous или Future Continuous?

I (to do)   my homework tomorrow
2. I (to do)   my homework at six o'clock tomorrow.
3. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to sleep)
4. When you come to my place tomorrow, I (to read)   your book.
5. Don't come to my place tomorrow. I (to write)   a composition the whole evening.
6. I(not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. I (to watch)   TV the whole evening.
7. What you (to do) tomorrow?
8. What you (to do) at eight o'clock tomorrow?
9. You (to play) volleyball tomorrow?
10. When you (to go) to see your friend next time?
11. I (to do)   my homework from three till six.

Lesson 11. PRESENTATION – MY FUTURE PROFESSION.

HAVE A STRUCTURE

Have a beginning, middle and an end. Use short sentences.

Consider:

• Who are the audience?

• What points do I want to get across?

• How much time have I got?

• What visual aids are available? Powerpoint projector? flip chart? Don't necessarily use these. Sometimes the best presentations are the most informal.

Introduction

• Welcome the audience.

• Say what your presentation will be about: the aims and objectives.

• The introduction should catch the attention. Perhaps a provocative statement or a humorous anecdote:

  • “Genetically-modified crops could save millions of people from starvation”

  • “The first day of my vacation job went with a bang, but it wasn't my fault that the microwave exploded.

The Middle should outline your argument or develop your story

• In five minutes you will only have time for two or three main points and allow everything else to support these. List your main headings and any key phrases you will use.

• Don't try to say pack too much content in or you will talk non- stop trying to get all your content and the audience will switch off with information overload long before the end.

• Use graphics or anecdotes to add variety.

Conclusion

• Briefly summarise your main points.

• Answer any questions.

• Thank the audience for listening. Look at the audience again, smileand slow down.

• The end should be on a strong or positive note – not tailing away to “..well that's all I've got to say so thank you very much for listening ladies and gentlemen”. You could try something along these lines:

  • “Hang-gliding is brilliant, so try it – you'll believe a man can fly!”

  • “The danger is increasing – if we don't all act soon it could be too late!

The above has been neatly summarised as "Tell them what you will tell them (introduction), tell them (development), tell them what you told them (conclusion)".

Use following key words from the textbook p.20, ex.1, p.26, ex.1, p.27, ex. 3, p.30.

Lesson 12. Perfects.

Present Perfect		Past Perfect		Future Perfect
Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
I have written	we have written	I had written	we had written	I shall have written	we shall have written
you have written	you have written	you had written	you had written	you will have written	you will have written
he, she, it has written	they have written	he, she, it had written	they had written	he, she, it will have written	they will have written

Let’s do some exercises 

Доповніть речення правильною формою Present Perfect

1. I know who your boss is. I (work) for him.

2. Look! Somebody already (broke) the tree.

3. Mary (go) to Moskow, but she’ll be back next Monday at the latest.

4. Andy is in hospital now. He (have) a bad crash.

5. Jane is crying. She (hurt) her knee.

Заповніть пропуски sinse або for.

Mike left school when he was 16. … then he has had five cars. He usually keeps a car … a year. Then he gets bored with it and buys another one. As far as his dad, he has had the same car … ten years. Mike can’t understand that. He’s had this Ford Mondeo … 2002 and it’s still going well. He’ll probably keep it … a few month.

Past Perfect level A.

Insert the verbs in the Past Perfect tense. Розкрийте дужки і поставте дієслова у Past Perfect

1. Jill was afraid she _____ (forget) her key at home, but she found it in her handbag. 2. Dad wasn’t at home when I came back. He _____  (go) out twenty minutes before. 3. I wasn’t hungry because I_____  (just/have) breakfast. 4. Peter saw an urgent message on his table. Somebody _____ (leave) it the day before. 5. I apologized I _____ (not/phone) her. 6. He told me that he _____ (come back) a fortnight before. 7. I knew him at once though I _____ (meet) him many years before. 8. We spent the night in Klin, a town we _____ (often/hear of) but_____  (never/see). 9. They couldn’t believe he _____ (give up) his job in the bank. He _____  (make) a good living there. 10. Mr. Jackson said that he _____  ( already/buy) everything for lunch. 11. Alice asked her brother where he _____ (arrange) to meet his friends. 12. We had no car at that time because we _____ (sell) our old one. 13. They _____ (finish) painting the ceiling by two o’clock.  

Past Perfect level B.

Say what action was done before. Combine the two sentences into one. (визначте яка дія відбулася раніше, зєднайте два речення в одне не міняючи місцями. використовуйте BEFORE )

Example/ Пример I sent a telegram. Then I met my friend. — I had sent a telegram before I met my friend.  

The rain stopped. I went for a walk. I did my homework. My mother returned home. We met in the street. We went to the park. They packed their things. Then they started. I had dinner. I switched on the TV set. He returned home. The guests left. We came to the cinema. The film began. I read the book. I saw the play.                . They lived here. They moved to another place. We played а game of tennis. We went to my place .

 

Використовуйте before, as soon as, after.)

Example/Пример  They had lived in the country. They moved to the city. — They had lived in the country before they moved to the city.  

He had finished school. He went to a camp. She had phoned her friend. She went to meet her. I read the book. I had seen the film. I had cleaned my room. I invited my friends home. He entered the university. He had finished school. Не told me about his impressions. He had returned from his journey. He was unhappy. He had got bad news. I had finished the text. I handed in my exercise-book.  

Future Continuous

Choose the right variant.

1. I shall go/shall be going to the party when my brother arrives.

2. Will you pass / will you be passing me the books from him tomorrow?

3. I’m sure Tom will give up/is giving up the job.

4. Jack isn’t free on Monday. He will write/ will be writing at home.

5. Jim is going to study from 7 till 10 this evening. So at 8.30 this evening he will learn/will be learning new words.

6. While I shall read/ shall be reading this poem she will play/ will be playing the piano.

7. When you call him he will sleep/ will be sleeping.

8. I hope the next mail will bring/ will be bringing news from home.

9. Her homework is not finished. She will work/ will be working at it.

10. At what time will you be/ will you being at home?

Make up the sentences using the Future Perfect Tense.

1) Jim/to write/the re port/by next Thursday.

2) We/to clean/ the house/by the time of your arrival tomorrow.

3) I/to prepare/ all the documents/by the beginning of the meeting tomorrow.

4) The film/to finish/by 7 o'clock tomorrow.

5) They/to decorate/the square/by the beginning of the demonstration/next week.

6) The President/to finish/the press conference/by3 o'clock tomorrow.

7) Diana/to design/your wedding dress/by next Friday.

8) I/to move/to a new house/by Christmas».

9) You/to start/your own business/by the time you are twenty-seven.

10) My father/to repair/his car/by Thursday.

Lesson 13. Perfect Continuous Tense.

Стверджувальна форма/Positive form (+)		Заперечна форма/Negative form (-)		Питальна форма/Question (?)
he she it	has been doing	he she it	has not been doing  hasn’t been doing	Has Hasn’t	he she it	been doing?
I we you they	have been doing	I we you they	have not been doing haven’t been doing	Have Haven’t	I we you they

Example:

(+) He has been writing an essay for two hours.

(-) He hasn’t been smoking since September. 

(?) Have you been waiting for me for a long time?

Exercises.

Визнач правильну форму дієслова.

1. Tom and Mary have been built/ have built/have been building the house for two years.

2. My parents have been/ have been being/were in Paris for a month.

3. I think the waiter has fogetting/ forget/has fogotten us. We wait/ have waited/ have been waiting for a half an hour and nobody has taken/has been taking/ took our order.

4. I don’t know if he has even been noticing/ noticed/has noticed us. He has been running/ run/has run from the table to table.

5. Are you hungry? No, I have eaten/ have been eating/ am eating all day.

6. I have been reading/ have read/ read today’s newspaper and there is an interesting article on pollution.

7. It has been snowing/ is snowing / was snowing since I have got up/got up.

8. Tom has been looked for/ has been looking for/ looked for an evening job since/ for a week.

9. Mary has been working/ has worked/ worked overtime since/ for the last month, so they will have enough money.

10. It’s a long time since/ for I have seen/ saw/ have been seeing your brother Paul.

Поставьте правильную форму глагола в Present Perfect Simple или Present Perfect Continuous.

- Hi, Mark! I (not/see) you for ages. - Hi. I (work) quite hard as usual. How about you? - Great. I (look) around for a new flat, but I (not/find) one yet. - What’s wrong with your old one? - It’s OK. But I (just/get) a new job and it’s on the other side of town. By the way, you (finish) that book I gave you last month? - I (not/have) time, I was very busy. I (start) it but I’ve only got as far as the first chapter. - What you (do) since I last saw you? - I (prepare) for exams, of course. I (take) maths I’ve still got physics and chemistry to go. - How did the maths exam go? - I think I (pass) it. We’ll see.

Тест на Present Perfect, Past Simple, Present Perfect Continuous

1. He (play) a lot of football this year. a. plays b. was playing c. has played

2. Tell me all about what (happen) at the meeting. I am all ears. a. happened b. has happened c. has been happening

3. He (run) away from school three times when he was 14. a. run b. has run c. has been running

4. How many cups of coffee you (drink) today? a. did you drink b. have you drunk c. have you been drinking

5. How long you (drink) this cup of coffee? a. did you drink b .have you drunk c. have you been drinking

6. Your car is covered in mud. Where you (drive)? a. did yoy drive b. have you driven c. have you been driving

7. Our team are rubbish. They just (lose) 8 games one after another. a. lost b. have lost c. have been losing

8. You (make) up your mind? What you (decide) to do? a. did you make/ have you decided b. have you made/ have you decided c. have you been making/did you decide

9. You (find) the place on the map yet? a. Have you found b. Did you find c. Have you been finding

10. I (not/hear) anything from him since he (move) to Paris. a. didn’t hear/ moved b. haven’t heard/moved c. haven’t been hearing/ was moving

Перекладіть рідною мовою.

1. They will have been sitting here for 20 minutes when I come. 2. In ten minute’s time l shall have been hanging around here for exactly four hours 3. When they finish I will have been waiting for them for 30 minutes. 4. Tomorrow it will be a month as they have been working on this project. 5. He will have been working on his book for a year soon. 6. He will have been repairing his car for two weeks on Wednesday.

Past Continuous или Past Perfect Continuous?

Example

1) Tom was sitting on the chair, out of breath. He had been running (run).

2) I tried to catch Tom but I couldn't. He was running (run) very fast.

 

1.       Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ________ (look) for his cigarette lighter.

2.       We ________ (walk) along the road for about 20 minutes when a car stopped and the driver offered us a lift.

3.       When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They ____________ (eat).

4.       When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full. They ____________ (eat).

5.       When I arrived, Ann ________(wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she (wait) for me a very long time.

Lesson 14. Writing the letter (advice)

How we can avoid the conflicts between parents and children.

Read the following opinions and point out the ideas the people have about a «generation gap».

Texts for Reading Kate is optimistic:

Frankly speaking, I can hardly understand what people mean when they say «generation gap». What is a generation gap? 1 know that it means misun-derstanding between parents and children, adults and teenagers. But I cannot understand this problem. Parents love their children: they grow them up, care for them and support them. And children should pay them the same coin.

I love my parents, because they take care of me, they are kind and sympathe¬tic, they are always ready to help me. I’m sure that they love me too. And where there is love there should be understanding. My parents never ignore me; they always support me and understand all my problems. I can’t live without their help and respect, and I know that they also need my attention. So, these are the only relations that are possible between parents and children, 1 think,

Jane has some problems:

There is such a thing as a generation gap. And I know it for sure. I experience it every day. My parents never understand me.

Whatever I do or say they always think that I am wrong. They keep saying that I’m not grown-up enough to do what I want. That’s why they always tell me what to do and what to say; where to go and what people to make friends with. They don’t like my friends, my hobby and my style of life. They make me do things I don’t want to. They are always after me and it is very annoying.

My friends laugh at me very often and say that I am «mother’s darling». They say that 1 depend on my parents and that I won’t be able to live on my own. I really wish I had more freedom.

I know that my parents love me and care for me, but I want them to treat me not like a child but an adult person. I need more liberty, and I don’t want to depend on them. I am 16 and I am grown-up enough to make my own decisions. I just want them to respect my personality.

Andrew is in trouble:

Many people say that only their relatives’ help and support make them feel comfortable and cozy. I understand them and I wish I felt the same about my family. But unfortunately I can’t. I love my parents very much, but I don’t think that they feel the same. My parents never pay attention to me and they don’t understand my soul. It hurts very much when my parents ignore me. I never feel desirable at home. That’s why I often think about leaving them. I know that many children leave their homes because of some terrible problems in their families — a step-parent, a parent with alcohol problems or a violent parent. In comparison with them I should be a lucky person, because we don’t have such problems in my family.

Reading Comprehension Tasks

1. Look through the opinions and find the proof in the texts.

1. There is no misunderstanding in Kate’s family.

2. Kate loves her parents .

3. Jane knows what a «generation gap» is.

4. Jane needs more freedom.

5. Jane’s parents annoy her.

6. Jane needs her parents’ respect.

7. Andrew wants to escape from his home.

8. There are not many problems in Andrew’s family.

9. Andrew loves his parents very much.

2.Are the following sentences true or false?

1. Kate wants to leave her parents.

2'. Jane’s parents think she is grown-up enough to do what she wants.

3. Andrew is a lucky person.

4. Kate thinks that children should love their parents.

5. Andrew feels his parents love him very much.

6. Kate’s parents are very kind and attentive to her.

7. Jane’s parents love her and care for her.

8. Andrew feels desirable at home.

9. Jane doesn’t want to live with her parents.

10. Jane’s friends respect her parents.

11. Andrew’s parents pay much attention to him.

3.Choose the most appropriate statement.

1. Kate loves her parents, because ...

a) they never scold her;

b) they buy her expensive things;

c) they are always ready to help her.

2. Kate’s parents ...

a) always support her and understand her problems;

b) think she is not grown-up enough to do what she wants

c) don’t like her friends.

3. Jane’s parents ...

a) never tell her what to do;

b) always think she is wrong;

c) like her friends.

4. Jane’s friends ...

a) say she will be able to live on her own;

b) laugh at her;

c) wake her escape from her home.

J. Jane doesn’t want ...

a) to depend on her friends;

b) to live at home;

c) to depend on her parents.

6. Andrew's parents ...

a) ignore him;

b) ask him to do shopping every day;

c) punish him.

7. Andrew often thinks ...

a) about leaving his parents;

b) about summer holidays;

c) about problems with friends.

4. Have you ever had any problems with your parents? What are they? Write about them. What are you really worried about? Write 10-12 sentences about it.

5. Comment on the sentences:

Teenagers who leave home are selfish.

Young people should never leave home without their parent’s permission.

Teenagers should be allowed to do what they want.

 

Lesson 15. Eating out. Advertisement.

Place large advertisement in the local newspapers, magazines. Pay attention to:

-You should know the unique selling point of your restaurant and should project and pitch that to your customers.

• The customers should know about the restaurant and want to dine there. One of the most important thing that you should focus on, is your target market segment: for people who pay high prices for cocktails and dinner or a family style bistro. - Discounts and Complimentary Meals Offer discounts to customers who have a meal that costs a certain maximum amount and throw in extra drinks and cocktails. - Special Menu Advertise prominently for certain slow weekdays like Thursdays and Tuesdays that has a special menu or reserve a day that is specially for desserts, curries or seafood - Food Contests A creative advertising idea for restaurants is to organize contests for the customers.

Example: Valentine’s Day For Students

Young people are full of enthusiasm and are an excellent target group for Valentine’s. However, their budget is limited so most of them can’t afford a romantic dinner. Adjust prices on your special offer for this group. If they enjoy themselves, maybe they will become next generation of your regular guests.

 

Lesson 17. Organic Meal Replacement Drinks

Read and translate the text. Find English equivalents to words below.

Make organic meal replacement drinks yourself or buy them ready to drink. 

Organic meal replacement drinks are healthier than conventional meal replacement drinks, because they do not contain synthetic pesticides, fertilizers and genetically modified ingredients. When you are replacing your meals with drinks, take in a sufficient amount of nutrients. Get a comprehensive metabolic blood test to check your nutrient levels on a regular basis. Only replace meals on a temporary basis and not more than once a day.

Ready to Drink

As of 2010, the only ready to drink organic meal replacement product is made by Orgain. It is available as a chocolate fudge or vanilla bean flavors. This drink was formulated by doctors and offers 23 different vitamins and minerals. It also provides 10 servings of vegetables and fruits for optimal antioxidants. It provides a protein source using whey from organic dairies and contains a vegetarian source of omega-3 essential fatty acids. As an alternative, you can make a large batch of an organic shake using low-fat or skim organic milk and an organic meal replacement protein powder that contains all the essential vitamins, minerals and protein. You can pour the shake in reusable to-go containers and refrigerate or freeze them so that they are ready to drink when you are on the go.

Powder-Based

If you check most health food stores, you will find an organic meal replacement powder to easily make your own drink yourself. These drinks are packed with nutrients, such as fiber, organic raw protein, and cancer-preventing phytonutrients, as well as not containing trans fats, gluten, dairy or lactose.

Здорова їжа, упаковано, глютен, канцерогенні речовини, охолоджений, природні вітаміни та мінерали, заміщувати, ГМО, нітрати, джерело протеінів, жирні кислоти, низькокалорійний.

Read the text and do the task.

GET BACK TO THE PLEASURE OF HEALTHY EATING

1) Your natural wisdom about whole foods is a lot more reliable than you think. If you lose sight of the big picture and choose foods by their calo­rie and fat content, your judgment about what’s good for you and what isn’t gets less clear. Fat-free snacks and treats start to look just as good for you as apples or carrot sticks. Diet soda seems like a much better ‘deal’ than low-fat milk.

2) Fact is, a low-fat food can look great on paper but is not positive to your diet. And some foods you have avoided because of their high fat content (for example, cheese, avocado, peanut butter) can be good and nutritious. It is better to eat six or more servings of grains a day (bread, cereal, rice, pasta), two or more servings of fruit, at least three of ve­getables, two or three servings of milk products and two of protein-rich meat, fish, eggs or dried beans. Always choose foods you like. Do that, and the grams and milligrams will take care of themselves.

3) If you think that eating healthy means trying to consume a little less than you’d like to, ask yourself how well that really works. Eating less than you want is uncomfortable, and as anyone who has ever dieted knows, you can’t undereat without overeating. It is better not to stop your appetite. You’ll find that you enjoy your meals more, that you spend less time thinking about food between meals. And, as a result, you will not gain weight.

4) Life is too short to change really wonderful foods for alternatives that don’t offer the same satisfaction. Of course, you’ll find there are some light foods you can eat instead of the real thing and still feel happily satisfied. But think twice about a food you choose simply because it’s fat-free or low cal. If you don’t really like it or if it’s not what you want, it’s not worth it.

5) You may think cutting out certain foods is the fastest way to a healthy diet. It’s not. To improve your diet in a meaningful way, it’s better to concentrate on the foods you need to eat. According to a recent sur­vey, most people need to eat twice as much fruit, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and eat an extra serving or two of grains each day. If you’re looking for ways to make your diet healthier, that’s where to start. (The next step: Cut down a bit on sweet and added fats — butter, oil, salad dressing — and you’ll be doing very well indeed.) besides good nutrition, variety means more pleasure in every bite. If you have a lit­tle of everything it satisfies your desire to crunch into a juicy apple, to enjoy a perfectly ripe peach and the cool pleasure of half-melting ice cream.

1) What does the writer try to make clear in paragraph 1?

a) Fat-free snacks are better than some vegetables and fruit.

b) It’s good to count calories in foods.

c) It’s better to think in terms of whole foods.

2) What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

a) It’s necessary to eat various kinds of food.

b) Food with a small number of calories is good for your diet.

c) Eat more cereal, bread, rice and pasta and you’ll be healthy.

3) What is necessary to do according to paragraph 3?

a) To eat a bit less than you want to.

b) To let your body decide how much you’ll eat.

c) To eat a bit more between meals.

4) What is the typical mistake according to paragraph 4?

a) People choose foods that give them satisfaction.

b) People allow themselves to eat more than they need.

c) People eat certain foods just because they are fat-free.

5) What does it mean to eat healthy according to paragraph 5?

a) To avoid certain foods.

b) To start eating twice a day.

c) To have a balanced and varied diet.

6) What does ‘It’ in paragraph 5 refer to?

a) Eating less.

b) Eating healthier.

c) Cutting food in small pieces.

Lesson 18. Global warming.