Раздел 1. Грамматические проблемы перевода
1.1. Актуальное членение предложения. Учет межъязыковых различий в
способах актуального членения предложения при переводе.
Упражнение 1.
1. An informal meeting by the EU’s culture ministers discussed the subject
yesterday and they are expected to take it up again in Luxemburg in June.
2. While in 1992, 1,549 citizens from ex-Soviet republics were detained in
connection with drug-related offences, in 1996, the number practically doubled,
reaching 3,188 people.
3. A diploma is needed to apply to university or get a white-collar public-sector
job.
4. Overseas students flock to UK universities to do research, but many are unhappy
with the treatment they get.
5. On Monday, several hundred elderly demonstrators gathered on the outskirts of
Moscow and briefly blocked the main highway to St. Petersburg; 12 were
arrested.
6. A new Central Elections Commission, as well as regional and local
commissions, must be appointed.
7. Last year, at least a quarter of the 40,000 or so Hungarian men eligible for
conscriptions were let off on medical grounds; 95% of those called up last year
in the rich Buda part of Budapest escaped serving.
8. A big push to accelerate European integration on law enforcement and
immigration was mounted by EU interior and justice ministers yesterday.
(the Financial Times, Feb.7, 97)
9. Japan can claim a long interest in robots. Clockwork dolls were developed in the
18th century to ferry cups between guests during tea ceremonies.
10. Iraq has been surveyed from space [by US spy satellites]. It missile sites, its
radar and signal intelligence facilities, its communication links, its chemical
weapons and nuclear weapons facilities, its navy bases at Basra and Umm Qasr,
its seven major military airfields, its two captured Kuwait airfields and Baghdad
and Kuwait international airports have been measured and assessed.
11. Agents from Iran have been caught trying to obtain materials and technology in
Britain to build nuclear weapons abroad, it emerged yesterday.
12. A spy camera set up to deter thieves and shoplifters has been stolen from
Whitney Market Place.
13. A network of anti-corruption squads is being planned by chief constables as part
of a national campaign against crooked officers.
14. Britain’s first kerbside monitoring system to identify polluting vehicles instantly
was set up yesterday on one of the busiest routs into London. Page 6
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15. Violent youth gangs were a much-publicized problem in New-York City at the
end of 1950s. A Youth Board was created by the city to try to stop their fights.
16. Traditionally, only the beginning of a sale or the end of a war could get the
British population out on the streets en masse.
17. It was primarily because of these concessions to the Negro and white labor that
the big capital came to hate Roosevelt so ruthlessly.
18. It was curiosity that first drove Jacques-Yves Cousteau underwater. It was his
obsessive and intense delight with what he found that kept the rest of the world
enraptured for more than 40 years until he died last week in Paris at the age of
87. (July 7, 1997)
19. A radical, not a revolutionary, Lloyd George disliked Bolshevism and would
have given the Tsar asylum in Britain, it was George V who kept his cousin
Nicholas out.
20. There [at the World Cup games in Japan] has been no sign of the hooliganism
which scarred France 98. Thirteen English visitors have been arrested for ticket
touting and passing counterfeit currency – but none for committing acts of
violence. The competition’s overwhelmingly joyous, celebratory atmosphere,
rather than the large number of Japanese police who are ever present, seems to
explain why England’s often belligerent followers have behaved so well.
21. Six months after he spent six hours talking to Saddam Hussein in Baghdad and
gained the release of 250 American hostages, Jesse Jackson has still not been
interviewed by any major US television network. Page 7
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1.2. Актуальное членение предложения. Изменение актанта при переводе.
a) Подлежащее – фактическое обстоятельство места:
The shop took USD20 from her. – В магазине с нее взяли 20 долларов.
b) Подлежащее – фактическое обстоятельство времени:
The early post-war years witnessed a reappraisal of values. – После войны
произошла определенная переоценка ценностей.
c) Подлежащее – фактическое обстоятельство цели или образа действия:
The avalanche destroyed several houses. – В результате схода лавины было
разрушено несколько зданий.
The split of the Democratic party elected Lincoln. – По причине раскола в
демократической партии президентом был избран Линкольн.
d) Подлежащее – фактический объект:
This may have many reasons. – Тому может быть несколько причин.
These writers lacked social vision. – Этим писателям не хватало понимания
того, что происходит в обществе.
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1. (Anti-monetization) large rallies of pensioners in Kazan, Tver, Perm, Tomsk and
Kaluga demanded the return of free transport rides, subsidized medicines and
other benefits.
2. Greece doesn’t permit stations to run commercials for toy guns, tanks and other
instruments of war, and bars ads for all other toys between 7 p.m. and 10 p.m.
3. Each parent carries both a normal and a faulty version of the Fanconi gene,
which meant they had a 25 percent chance of having an affected child with each
pregnancy.
4. The present article is the synopsis of this report.
5. (Alcohol) traders should start preparing for the crackdown and get ready to part
with their licenses now, for October and November 1998 will see "audits of
wholesalers and retailers on a mass scale".
6. This has created a distorted economy that is out of sync with the earth's eco-
system — an economy that is destroying its natural support systems.
7. A reforestation program in South Korea, begun more than a generation ago, has
blanketed the country's hills and mountains with trees.
8. Another nice little earner is the illegal oil trade.
9. Westminster last night saw a government in complete chaos, with the Prime
Minister first trying to pass the buck, then taking it back, and actually making
suggestions of incompetence by various ministers and their departments.
10. A severed telephone cable crippled long-distance phone service Friday to and
from the New-York area, halted trading at some financial markets and from the Page 8
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New-York area, halted trading at some financial markets and delayed hundreds
of flights at East Coast airports.
11. With the end the Cold War, budgets for military research began to fall, killing
some programs, curtailing others and creating a general sense of foreboding in
the military-industrial complex.
12. The Gulf war has increased sales for all quality newspapers.
13. Failures to destroy Iraq’s key military facilities ensure that an early invasion of
Kuwait would be a highly risky venture.
14. Promoted in 1916, peace would have brought Russian troops home, saving a
year of demoralizing war.
15. Surely any city which obliges McDonald’s to close due to lack of patronage is
an irreproachable candidate for canonization.
16. He was a superb tutor, though he never cared for graduate students. But he could
always fill the largest lecture hall at the most inconvenient hour.
17. The desert is an ideal environment for the spy satellite to look down on. The low
humidity and lack of clouds make for clear images.
18. By and large, the Kremlin’s shortage of hard currency and eye-catching goods
has deterred most governments from looking to Russia as a major trading
partner.
19. Overcrowding in our prisons is not caused by a shortage of space, but by an
abundance of prisoners. Building more prisons will no more reduce the crime
rate than building more hospitals will reduce the number of road accidents.
20. Now the nation’s (US) huge oil-import bills and smoggy air have revived
interest in electronic vehicles, which emit no pollutants and can run on the juice
from power plants burning American coal or natural gas.
21. His death at the height of his career robs medical statistics of one of the most
talented exponents.
22. The Soviet rise of global power turned Vladivostok into the home of the mighty
Pacific Fleet and a region into a sealed military camp.
23. Unexpectedly mild weather has made November gardening a greater pleasure
than usual.
24. To have held down the second most important role in the government for so
long makes Gordon Brown the most durable Chancellor since Lloyd George.
His longevity in the job testifies to his great success at it. (the Observer,
March 7, 2004) Page 9
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Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Подведены предварительные итоги выборов в Верховный совет
республики.
2. Согласно опросам, наибольшие шансы на победу среди оставшихся 16
кандидатов имеет профессор Архангельского государственного
технического университета Алексей Баринов.
3. К слову сказать, не только пенсионеры недовольны отменой социальных
льгот. В некоторых регионах потеряли право бесплатного проезда в
городском транспорте студенты, повсеместно лишились этой льготы (и не
только этой) сотрудники милиции.
4. В 1994 году эта беда заботила 6%, а теперь лишь 2% респондентов.
5. Недавно закончилось международное тестирование по литературе
подростков 15-ти лет, в котором приняли участие 250 тысяч человек из 41
страны.
6. При этом в 90-е годы в мире появились новые подходы к обучению
иностранцев.
7. Специалисты Роспотребнадзора провели всероссийскую проверку школ и
выяснили, что в 2004—2005 учебном году с грубыми нарушениями
работает 221 российская школа.
8. В Краснодаре сотрудники городского полка ДПС задержали карманника,
который орудовал в троллейбусах краевого центра.
9. Важным аспектом нового закона является борьба с так называемой
«зонтичной» рекламой, в результате использования которой популярная
марка водки, например, рекламируется под видом питьевой воды. Page 10
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1.3. Номинализация (опредмечивание действий и процессов)
a) номинализация глагольного сказуемого
Contacts are being expanded. – Продолжается расширение контактов.
The course aims at mastering translating skills. – Целью курса является
овладение навыками перевода.
Such a policy may ruin the company. – Подобная реакция может привести к
разорению компании.
If these documents were published, it would have caused a lot of noise. –
Опубликование этих документов вызвало бы большую шумиху.
b) номинализация определения при подлежащем
better working conditions – улучшение условий труда
higher wages – повышение зарплаты
shorter working hours – сокращение рабочего дня
growing indignation – рост негодования
delayed wages – задержка зарплаты
postponed talks – перенос переговоров
resumed talks – возобновление переговоров
lower income – снижение дохода(ов)
higher living standards – улучшение (повышение) уровня жизни
continued nuclear weapons tests – продолжение испытания ядерного оружия
longer term – продление срока
c) восстановление существительного при подлежащем
A treaty will promote closer cooperation. – Заключение (подписание) такого
соглашения будет способствовать укреплению сотрудничества.
The referendum will be the first step on the way to reconciliation. – Проведение
референдума явится (станет) первым шагом на пути к примирению
конфликтующих сторон (здесь помимо прочего используем прием
добавления)
The talks are still doubtful. – Проведение этих переговоров до сих пор
находится под вопросом.
The humanitarian aid was stopped. – Оказание гуманитарной помощи было
приостановлено.
Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1. Investigators are now probing the disappearance of billions of dollars by graft
and embezzlement that gutted the treasury, wiped out the savings of millions
and destroyed the livelihoods of all but a politically connected elite.
2. He added that a document aimed at better control of the market has been
prepared by the ministry and awaits final approval from the government.
3. Lower prices alone may not boost spending habits.
4. Thus there ought to be plenty of reasons to welcome the new economic reform
plan approved by the government last week. By one count, this is the 14th such Page 11
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programme since reform started in the late Soviet era. And it makes familiar
reading. Many of the points make admirable common sense: improving the
business environment, tougher bank regulation, and greater transparency of
public finances.
5. Negotiations on these issues are not only desirable but absolutely necessary.
6. Increased taxes, soaring prices, reduced production and delayed wages
considerably lowered the living standards.
7. The second half of the 15th century saw wars and conquests in Morocco and the
colonization of Madeira and the Azores. These islands offer a pleasant climate
and fertile land.
8. The postwar years have seen decisive advances in the study of primates such as
chimpanzees and in discovery of fossils of our ancestors.
9. Paradoxically, the ending of the Cold War has not seen a reduction in either
personnel or budget of the secret Intelligence Service.
10. Brittany’s much-forgotten language is getting a new lease of life, as the firstever
Breton dictionary prepares to hit the shelves next year. Three years of research
have produced 1,000 pages containing 10,000 words, a modest feat when
compared to the Larousse French dictionary of 60,000 words.
11. Commonwealth leaders yesterday concluded their biannual summit with pledges
covering topics from South Africa to Cyprus, from democracy to global trade,
but with little clout behind the words. Five days of talking produced a 17-page
communiqué.
12. The main block of the boarding school houses the boy’s dormitories, dining
rooms, common rooms and exercise room.
13. Built in 1933 as a memorial to Lillie Hitchcock Coit, who left a third of her
fortune to beautify the city, the tower houses 3,691 square feet of murals that
portray the life of 1930s California.
14. The Southeast of Turkey harbors a number of ancient and diverse languages
brought in by the different people who, over thousands of years, settled in this
area of mountains and wide open spaces.
15. Archeologists working in Israel’s Nahal hemar cave, a Neolithic site south of
Jerusalem, have found pieces of fabric that may be the earliest known of linen.
The cave also has yielded what may be the oldest known samples of women
baskets in the Middle East.
16. Britain counts only four industries in which it can still be ranked as of word
class: chemical, aerospace, steel and pharmaceuticals.
17. Global warming will leave two billion people worldwide vulnerable to
catastrophic flooding by 2050, scientists cautioned yesterday. Research from the
United Nations University indicates that climate change? population growth, Page 12
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sea-level rise and deforestation will double the number of people living in
regions prone to floods.
18. A series of one-day strikes grounded most flights of Air France’s domestic
airlines, blocked shipping traffic in come French ports and slowed health
services in public hospitals.
19. Though not widely loved, the prickly Mr Giuliani’s success in improving life in
the city has earned him the respect of most voters here.
Упражнение 5. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Характерной чертой нашего времени является усиление движения за
чистоту окружающей среды.
2. Продолжение испытаний лазерного оружия нарушает договоренности по
ограничению стратегических вооружений (SALT agreements).
3. Возникновение спора между западниками и славянофилами предопределено
самим положением России.
4. Шахтеры требуют повышения заработной платы, сокращения рабочего дня
и улучшения жилищных условий.
5. Осложнение ситуации на Кипре связано с новым поворотом в отношениях
между этим островным государством и Турцией.
6. Развитие черной металлургии в Сибири идет с запада на восток.
7. В нашем плане также предусмотрено оказание бесплатных образовательных
услуг.
8. Совершение преступления в нетрезвом состоянии только отягчает вину.
9. Созыв конференции планируется на июль 2008 года.
10. Он вряд ли может рассчитывать на предоставление займа.
11. В случае возникновения опасности звони по этому телефону.
12. В мою компетенцию входит только организация экскурсий. Page 13
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1.4. Членение высказывания при переводе.
a) Complex Object
She heard herself described as a middle-aged woman. – Она услышала, что ее
назвали пожилой женщиной.
b) Complex Subject
The delegation is reported to have left Moscow. – Сообщается, что делегация
уже покинула Москву.
c) Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели
He ran faster to finish first. – Он побежал быстрее, чтобы прийти первым.
d) Инфинитив в функции определения
He is going to take part in the conference to be held in Moscow. – Он
собирается принять участие в конференции, которая состоится в Москве.
The type of the manometer depends on the magnitude of pressure to be
measured. – Тип манометра зависит от величины давления, которое
необходимо измерить, которое необходимо измерить.
The things you see here are things to be seen and not to be spoken of. – Вещи,
которые вы видите здесь, являются тем, что можно видеть, но о чем нельзя
говорить.
e) Инфинитив в функции обстоятельства последующего действия
She woke up to find her husband gone. – Она проснулась и обнаружила, что
ее муж уже ушел.
He arrived there to find that the last train had already left. – Он приехал на
станцию и узнал, что последний поезд уже ушел.
f) For-to-Infinitive construction
I’m anxious for them to succeed. – Я хочу, чтобы у них все получилось.
There is an urgent need for someone to tackle this problem. – Крайне
необходимо, чтобы хоть кто-нибудь разрешил эту проблему.
g) Абсолютные конструкции
It being Sunday, there was no one in the office. – Так как была суббота, в
офисе никого не было.
The fuel exhausted, the engine stopped. – Машина заглохла, так как кончился
бензин.
Tom began to answer his lesson, Mrs Gladstone watching him closely. – Том
начал отвечать свой урок, причем миссис Гладстоун не сводила с него
глаз.
It was pretty depressing out in the street, with a gusty wind throwing handfuls of
light drizzle in your face. – На улице было весьма мрачно. Налетавший ветер
швырял в лицо пригоршни мелких дождевых капель.
After 70years with an almost unchanged corporate structure, the industry has
seen 4 major mergers. – В течение 70 лет корпоративная структура в данной
отрасли оставалась практически неизменной, однако за послед нее время
произошло четыре слияния компаний. Page 14
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h) Высказывания, содержащие оговорки типа if any (эллиптические
конструкции)
It was a situation of a delicacy to be tactfully approached – if at all. –
Возникшая ситуация была настолько деликатной, что если и браться за ее
разрешение, то делать это надо очень тактично.
If anything, the membership in Congress ought to be reduced to four hundred or
less. – Если уж менять количественный состав конгресса, то в сторону его
уменьшения, оставив не более четырехсот представителей, а то и меньше.
If considered from this point of view, the problem takes on a new aspect. – Если
рассматривать проблему с этой точки зрения, то она приобретает
(принимает) иной характер.
Упражнение 6. Переведите следующие предложения с английского языка:
1. So with the lamps all put out, the moon sunk and a thin rain drumming on the
roof, a downpouring of immense darkness began. (Virginia Wolf "To the
Lighthouse")
2. The best part having been given to another actor, Josh felt unwilling to continue
his involvement in the show.
3. We are dividing up the grant according to need, the largest amount being given
to the homeless.
4. Only the Russian Bolsheviks opposed the war consistently with the left-wing
socialists in many countries also offering various degrees of resistance.
5. Her project completed, Hilary left the team.
6. With heavy seas in the North Atlantic, fishing boats stay in harbour.
7. Paintings by old masters realized £702,190 at a sale in London, with two
Rembrandts accounting for £278,000 of the total.
8. The sellers offered the buyers 5,000 tons of oil, delivery to be made in October.
9. With hundreds of teachers in Detroit being threatened with layoffs, and with
thousands of others around the country set to lose their jobs this fall, the
American Federation of Teachers (AFT) membership is probing new ways of
financing public education in order to solve this crisis.
Упражнение 7. Переведите следующие предложения с английского языка:
1. If anything, it will be in their interests to follow this course.
2. Other researchers, however, remained adamant that there are few if any gender
differences in management.
3. When a hearing is finished, the committee decides what report, if any, it will
make to the House on the measure.
4. Though this thesis sounds admirably democratic in principle, most people
believe that it would make it extremely difficult, if not impossible, for them to
attain unity and real democracy. Page 15
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5. Of course, interpreting, if more spectacular, is not the only aspect of linguistic
activity in the international sphere. Whatever the length of the discourse, a good
interpreter never asks the orator to stop in order to enable him to render it bit by
bit. Some orators have been known to speak for over an hour non-stop.
Interpretations, of course, are actually somewhat shorter than original speeches,
but even then, this represents tremendous effort.
6. If anything, it would be to the advantage of this country to pursue an
independent policy
7. Over a period I have asked my bronchial friends who smoke, what advice, if
any, their doctor has given them in this matter.
8. The universities have shown few if any signs of a willingness to change.
9. Brian rarely, if ever, goes to bed before 3 am.
10. Their policies have changed little, if at all, since the last election.
11. Her needs are just as important as yours, if not more so.
12. The snow was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, to get
the car out.
13. It's a really fast car, if a little expensive.
14. Use live natural yoghurt, full-fat if possible. It's warm enough here in London. A
little too warm, if anything.
15. Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as
independent as possible.
16. Given the number of people we invited, I'm surprised so few came.
17. Nine veterans of the Soviet effort to clean up the Chernobyl nuclear disaster site
entered the seventh day Tuesday of a hunger strike called to dramatize their
demand for their health compensation payments to be raised to reflect the cost of
living.
18. Airbus showed off its giant A380, a double-decked behemoth that could
revolutionize long-haul flying, at a lavish ceremony Tuesday with European
leaders gathered for the first official look at the world's largest passenger plane.
19. A demonstration of 500 hungry teachers, parents and students in Birmingham
yesterday demanded that the council withdrew its £3 million cuts in education.
20. Hiroshima, 680 kilometers southwest of Tokyo, was hit hardest today when the
magnitude 6.4 quake struck at 3:28 p.m. local time, but it rattled windows as far
away as South Korea.
Упражнение 8. Переведите следующие предложения с английского языка:
1. While there does not appear to be any immediate threat to financial stability in
the country, the rate of inflation will depend on the monetary and exchange rate
policy. (FT) Page 16
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2. With so many wounds to lick and decisions to make, it might be reasonable to
expect everyone to take a mouth off just to map strategy. (Wall Street Journal)
3. Misleading military briefings eroded Washington’s credibility during the
Vietnam War. Yet since then, the Pentagon has continued to try to manage
combat information even during the military success of the Gulf War.
(International Herald Tribune)
4. The recently elected Afghan president Hamid Karzai will want to convince rural
Afghans that democracy is, after all, worth a day off from their fields to come to
the polls. (Business Week)
5. The dollar gained 2 roubles to close at 29.60.
6. The EU offered to cut significantly the production of oilseeds only to see every
effort rejected by the American agriculture secretary.
7. The president will appoint governors to be later confirm by regional legislatures.
8. God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, courage to
change the things I can and wisdom to always tell the difference. (Kurt
Vonnegut)
9. The IMF managing director wrote recently that the fund could not lend money
to inflation-wracked Russia only to see it leave the country.
10. The Rwanda’s rulers had little reason to love the UN that stood idly by while
more than 800,000 people were massacred four years ago.
11. Traders looking for reasons to sell the dollar had plenty to choose from Friday.
12. Lukoil is one of a number of Russian groups to have contracts in Iraq.
13. The government hopes that the changes, yet to be detailed, will encourage
investors to invest in renewable energy schemes.
14. A top student in his homeland, he spent eight exciting years at Cambridge
University where he was the first Nigerian to be elected as a research fellow.
15. If the Security Council permanent members are to live up to their
responsibilities, they must be prepared to put their forces at the UN’s disposal.
16. Americans are said to be a sleep-deprived people, and teenagers are the worst of
the lot.
17. Tens of millions of industrial workers are struggling for laws that would allow
them to bargain collectively.
18. If you are running a growth company, you have to expect people to come up, put
up their hands and say, “I can’t take it any longer.”
19. A wiser course would be for Washington to try with Iran what it did with North
Korea – coax it into curbing its nuclear program.
20. Some advisers suggest that the next elections provide an opportunity for Hillary
Clinton to make a triumphant return to the White House. Page 17
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1.5. Объединение высказываний при переводе.
a) Наличие тесной смысловой связи между двумя высказываниями
Demand for oil is 12 percent higher than it was a decade ago. Gas demand is 30
percent higher. – За последнее десятилетие спрос на нефть и газ увеличился
на 12 и 30 процентов соответственно.
Yet at the moment consumers and government seem to be in denial. They refuse
to accept their own responsibility. – Однако и потребители, и правительство,
судя по всему, не готовы нести свою долю ответственности.
b) Свертывание придаточного предложения в словосочетание с
отглагольным существительным
There are many things we do not know. – Многое нам не известно.
The United States entered the war April 16, 1917, two-and-one-half years after
the hostilities began. – Соединенные Штаты вступили в войну 16 апреля
1917 года, спустя два с половиной года после начала боевых действий.
When all the mergers are completed, the four largest companies will account for
no more than 12 percent of world oil supply. – Даже после завершения
слияний на долю четырех крупнейших компаний будет приходиться лишь
12 процентов мировых поставок нефти.
Упражнение 9. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1. Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev said Tuesday that Russians must do
their utmost to preserve democracy, and he criticized a number of President
Vladimir Putin's policies as a step backward, in some of his sharpest words yet
about Putin.
2. At the age of 44, childless and single after the death of her long-term partner,
Sarah had given up hope of being a mother. But tomorrow, the part-time teacher
from south London will meet Louise — the one-year-old child she is about to
adopt.
3. Many of the children brought in the shelters suffer from disease. Tuberculosis is
common, and AIDS is becoming a concern, said Groton.
4. Throughout Russia 250,000 people took to the streets to voice their disdain — in
some cases their support — for the reforms, which are intended to replace
Soviet-era benefits with cash payments.
Упражнение 10. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. В июле Аналитический центр Юрия Левады поинтересовался у россиян:
«Что в настоящее время больше всего осложняет жизнь вашей семьи?» В
репрезентативном опросе приняли участие 2108 жителей различных
регионов нашей страны. Выяснилось, что больше всего граждане
обеспокоены низкими зарплатами и нехваткой денег. Эта проблема
занимает умы 69% опрошенных. В 1994 году она также стояла на первом
месте: тогда недостаток средств волновал 68% респондентов.Page 18
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2. Начало 2005-го, объявленного в Удмуртии Годом пожилых людей,
ознаменовалось митингом протеста пенсионеров с требованием отмены
закона о монетизации льгот. Вчера утром в центре Ижевска возле
памятника Ленину собрались свыше тысячи пожилых людей.
Организаторами акции выступили местные коммунисты.
3. В среднем по России 20% семей давали или готовы дать взятку при
поступлении детей в учебные заведения. Об этом в четверг на
конференции «Экономика системы образования: результаты второго года
мониторинга» сообщил ректор университета Высшая Школа экономики
Ярослав Кузьминов.
4. Вчера очередной митинг прошел в Красногорском районе Московской
области: около 300 пенсионеров, требующих возвращения льгот,
перекрывали Волоколамское шоссе. Этот район ближнего Подмосковья
находится не так далеко от знаменитого Рублевского шоссе с его элитными
поселками, где обитает в том числе и политическая элита — московская и
федеральная.
Упражнение 11. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1. A recent national survey of 107,804 adults by the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention found that more than two-thirds of Americans — 64 percent of
men and 78 percent of women — are either dieting to lose weight or watching
what they eat to prevent themselves from gaining weight.
2. Autumn in Azerbaijan, and the sun is still hot enough in Baku for the walkers to
choose the shady side of the street.
3. The contents of the treaty have been recently published, it being no longer
necessary to keep them secret.
4. The peaceful demonstration at the big Ford plant in Dearborn was broken up,
with four workers killed and fifty wounded.
5. Only the Russian Bolsheviks opposed the war consistently with the left-wing
socialists in many countries also offering various degrees of resistance.
6. Being remarkably fine and agreeable in their manners, Oliver thought them very
nice girls indeed.
7. As the hunger marchers moved along Pennsylvania Avenue they were flanked
by two solid rows of policemen, most of them club in hand.
8. We sped northward with the high Rocky Mountains peaks far off to the West.
9. We had two enemy agents arrested, whose role was to create panic by spreading
false rumours about the approach of the Germans.
10. In World War II Great Britain lost about 350,000 killed and missing and had her
towns and factories blitzed.
11. These speeches were designed to obscure the issues by inflaming public opinion
and stampeding Congress into repressive action. Page 19
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12. The General Executive cannot give his mind to every detail of factory
management, but he can get the things done.
13. No suitable opportunity offering, he was dragooned by family and friends into
an assistant-professorship at Harvard.
14. The Tory government would have the British people believe that the US missiles
would strengthen the country's security.
15. The fear of lightning is a particularly distressing infirmity for the reason that it
takes the sand out of a person to an extent which no other fear can, and it can't
be shamed out of a person. Page 20
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1.6. Атрибутивные группы.
Упражнение 12. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
1. President Chirac prepared yesterday to fly to France’s Mururoa nuclear test atoll
in the Pacific.
2. I believe that TV is the least effective war reporting media because it presents
images rather than a whole story.
3. Worried councilors in North Wales have called a public meeting to discuss the
extent of radioactive pollution from Sellafield along the coast. The meeting was
called by Gwynned county council’s public protection committee after
councilors heard reports of the high risk of radioactivity in the Irish sea.
4. The Evening Star’s aggressive salesmen gobbled up more than half of the
burgeoning metropolitan area’s lucrative newspaper advertising market.
5. Scepticism is growing in Europe over the feasibility of meeting the Soviet
Union’s huge food aid request, given disarray in the economy and the transfer of
power to the republics.
6. His school draws about 600 day pupils from 13 villages. Many of his boarders
are service children, sometime two of the same family. Their costs are covered
by the Ministry of Defense’s boarding school allowances.
7. The British Pest Control Association warned in a report that pests carried a
“devastating range of diseases”, but hospital pest control budgets were being
squeezed.
8. A crisis meeting is being held in London next Monday between secretaries of
the printing trade unions and the proprietors of the Daily Sketch.
9. A Government bid to attract more fast-spending foreign tourists to Britain by
improving hotels was revealed in the Commons yesterday in the second day of
the four-day Budge debate. A new countrywide scheme of grants for hotel
extensions and improvements was announced.
10. A local election abstention rate has always been high.
11. A dozen states urged the Environmental Protection Agency to require tougher
tailpipe emission rules and use of low-sulfur gasoline nationwide.
12. Tommy Morrison, the former World Boxing Organization heavyweight
champion, scored a unanimous points win over Sherman Griffin in Tulsa on
Tuesday night.
13. Democrats said Bush has a far weaker hand on the economy than the job-growth
figures would suggest. They said that stagnant wages for many workers, rising
health care and school tuition costs, the loss of jobs to other countries and other
factors have left many middle-class families squeezed.
14. Britons like to think of themselves as plucky individualists, resistant to
authoritarianism both foreign and domestic. It’s a self-image that is becoming Page 21
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increasingly difficult to sustain. This week, David Blunkett, the home secretary,
unveiled a draft bill that, if enacted, would create the most ambitious and
intrusive national identity card scheme in Europe. (the Economist, May 1, 2004)
15. The world’s first electricity-generating rubbish incinerator was built in Britain,
in Oldham, in 1895.
16. Denmark’s first quarter current account balance of payments surplus declined to
Dkr 7.2 bn from Dkr 8.39 bn in the same period last year.
17. The startling fact about Mr Yeltsin’s firings and hirings is that even now nobody
is quite sure what was behind them. Russians may be the world’s biggest
conspiracy theorists, which is hardly surprising for a nation in which political
intrigue is an art form. (N.Y.T., April 5, 1998)
18. The judge’s face wore his usual I-knew-they-were-guilty-all-along expression.
19. From the bleak “They Shoot Horses, Don’t They?” (1969) to the man-against-
nature-and-human-nature “Jeremiah Johnson” (1972) to the marvelously funny
“Tootsie” (1982) or the majestic “Out of Africa” (1985), Pollack has directed
intelligent, well-made movies that spear to a wide, international audience
without pandering.
20. Watching Tebbit as television interviewer always have a certain edge-of-the-seat
feeling.
21. The resigning heat of partisanship seemed in fact to make the combatants lose
sight of how bridgeable their remaining differences of policy are, even of the
heart-of-the-matter issue of individual income tax.
22. Even as its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a
nation of part-timers and temps. This disposable work force is the most
important trend in American business today, and it is fundamentally changing
the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way
for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding the vagaries of
market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, health-
care costs and pension plans. For workers if can mean an end to the security,
benefits and sense of significance that came from being a loyal employee.
23. The U.S. is flexing its economic muscle to round up political support and
generate United Nations votes – both of which it needs for its impending war on
Iraq. The political lobbying, according to one Third World diplomat, is not
taking place at the U.N., but at various capitals where Washington is applying
pressure for votes in its favour. Page 22
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