Самостійна робота №7

Тема: Tracks

Завдання: переписати текст “ Tracks ” в зошит, письмово його перекласти використовуючи активну лексику тексту. Відповісти на запитання.

roadbed- залізничне полотно

farming communities- сільське господарство

mining sites- гірськодобувний район

siding- допоміжна колія

right of way- смуга відводу

Tracks

The rails and crossties that make up railway track are laid along a roadbed – that is, land that has been prepared as a foundation for the track. The roadbed follows the rout planned for a railroad. Main-line routs link major cities. Branch lines extend between main lines and various places not served by main lines, such as farming communities or mining sites. Many main lines consist of two or more tracks laid side by side. Such multiple tracks allow trains to travel in opposite directions on the same line at the same time. Single-track lines must be equipped with sidings at various points along the route. A siding is a short track alongside a main or branch line to which one of two meeting trains is switched until the other train passes.

The track and roadbed, together with such other railway structures as tunnels and bridges, are sometimes referred to as the roadway. In addition to the roadway, railways own a certain amount of land on both sides of the roadway. This land and the roadway make up a rail-road’s right of way.

Answer these questions:

1. What does track consist of?

2. What is the foundation for the track?

3. Main-line routs link small villages, don’t they?

4. What is the function of the multiple tracks?

5. Why must single-track lines be equipped with sidings?

6. What makes up a railroads right of way?

Самостійна робота №8

Тема: Ballastless track

Завдання: переписати текст “ Ballastless track ” в зошит, письмово його перекласти використовуючи активну лексику тексту. Відповісти на запитання.

restore - відновлення

subgrade - земляне полотно

deficiencies- недоліки

Ballastless track

A disadvantage of traditional track structures is the heavy demand for maintenance, particularly tamping and lining to restore the desired track geometry and smoothness of vehicle running. Weakness of the subgrade and drainage deficiencies also lead to heavy maintenance costs. This can be overcome by using ballastless track. In its simplest form this consists of a continuous slab of concrete (like a highway structure) with the rails supported directly on its upper surface.

Ballastless track is very expensive in first cost, and in the case of existing railroads requires closure of the route for a somewhat long period. Its whole life cost can be lower because of the great reduction in maintenance requirement. Ballastless track is usually considered for new very high speed or very high loading routes, in short extensions that require additional strength (i.e. rail station), or for localised replacement in the case of exceptional maintenance difficulties.

Answer these questions:

1. What leads to heavy maintenance costs?

2. What does ballastless track look like?

3. Is ballastless track very expensive in first cost or later?