- •English for masters
- •Unit 1 mechanical engineering text 1 Machine-tools
- •1 Complete the table:
- •2 Answer the question:
- •3 Say, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 2 Main Operations of Heat Treatment
- •1 Define the main idea of the text:
- •2 Say, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 3 Forging Process and Equipment
- •1 Fill in the scheme with information from the text in English.
- •2 Say, what statement is true to the text.
- •3 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 4 Modern Computer Technologies
- •1 Define, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 5 Safety Engineering
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Unit 2 materials text 1 Materials Science and Technology
- •1 Complete the table:
- •2 Complete the statement according to the text:
- •3 Answer the question:
- •Text 2 Engineering Materials
- •1 Complete the table using the information from the text:
- •2 Define, which of the statements is true to the text.
- •3 Define the main idea of the text:
- •Text 3 Composite Materials
- •1 Complete the statement according to the text.
- •2 Define, what statement is true to the text.
- •3 Answer the question:
- •Text 4 Plastics
- •1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •2 Define, what statement is true to the text.
- •Text 5 Ferrous and Non-ferrous Metals
- •1 Sum up the information of the text, complete the table:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Unit 3 casting text 1 Engineering Castings
- •1 What statement is true to the text?
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 2 Sand Casting Process
- •1 Define the main idea of the text.
- •2 Answer the question:
- •Text 3 The Pressure Die Casting Process
- •1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •2 Answer the question:
- •Text 4 Casting and Titanium Alloys
- •1 Define the main idea of the text.
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Virtualisation of Casting Engineering
- •1 Find answers to the questions:
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Unit 4 welding text 1 Basic Principles of Welding
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 2 Electric Welding
- •1 Find topical sentences in each paragraph of the text.
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Text 3 Laser Welding
- •1 Define the main idea of the text.
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Text 4 mig Welding
- •1 Find answers to the questions:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Text 5 Welding Flux
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Unit 5 quality control and standardization text 1 Quality Control
- •1 Answer the question:
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Text 2 Planning for Quality
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 What statement is true to the text?
- •Text 3 Quality Control Management
- •1 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •2 Define the main idea of the text.
- •Text 4 The Concepts of Standards
- •1 Find answers to the questions:
- •2 Comment on the phrase from the text:
- •Text 5 asme’s Role in the Globalization of Codes and Standards
- •1 Find the information about:
- •2 Complete the sentence according to the text.
- •Messages
- •Notices
- •Reports
- •Memoranda
- •Letters
- •Envelopes
- •Phrases for business letters
- •Business vocabulary
- •Technical vocabulary
- •Contents
- •660041, Г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79
- •660041, Г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 82а
1 Complete the table:
-
Machine-tool
Operation
1. Lathe (turning machine)
Токарный станок
Turning
Обточка
2.
Drilling
3.
Расточка
4. Grinding machine
5.
Винторезный станок
6.
Milling
7. Cutting machine
2 Answer the question:
Why is a turning machine the most useful and versatile among other machine-tools?
a) Besides turning operations they can perform a lot of other operations: drilling, reaming, tapping, milling and grinding.
b) A great volume of parts with nice accuracy and little tolerances can be made.
c) It is a very simple and easy to work machine.
3 Say, what statement is true to the text.
a) Machine-tools serve to cut metals and other materials for different purposes.
b) All machine-tools are versatile and interchangeable.
c) Drilling, reaming, tapping can be performed by screw machines.
BUSINESS ACTIVITY
Arrange the letter in the correct order.
46 Thomas Drive
Deptford, Essex SD 7 OTX
Mr. Black
Deptford, Essex SD 7 DJ6
22 June, 2013
I would like to apply for the position of the American Society of Testing and Materials which you advertised in the Times of May 6.
Dear Mr. Black
Mary Joe
Sincerely yours
Text 2 Main Operations of Heat Treatment
Heat treatment is a method by which the heat treater can change the physical properties of a metal. There are three main operations in the heat treatment of steel: quenching, tempering and annealing.
Quenching is a heat treatment when metal at high temperature is rapidly cooled by immersion in water or oil. Quenching makes steel harder and more brittle, with small grains structure. Tempering is a heat treatment applied to steel and certain alloys. Hardened steel after quenching from a high temperature is too hard and brittle for many applications. Tempering, that is reheating to an intermediate temperature and cooling slowly, reduces this hardness and brittleness. Tempering temperatures depend on the composition of steel but are frequently between 100 and 650°C. Higher temperatures usually give a softer, tougher product. The color of the oxide film produced on the surface of the heated metal often serves as the indicator of its temperature.
Annealing is a heat treatment in which a material at high temperature is cooled slowly. After cooling the metal again becomes malleable and ductile (capable of being bent many times without cracking). Annealing may be carried out rather to soften a piece that is too hard to machine or to remachine a piece that has already been hardened. Annealing also relieves internal stresses produced by machining.
Low carbon steel doesn’t become hard when subjected to such a heat treatment because of the small amount of carbon contained. If it is necessary to obtain a hard surface on a part made of such steel, surface hardening operations must be carried out. One of the methods of surface hardening is cyaniding which is done by keeping the work in a molten bath of sodium cyanide from 5 to 30 min., depending on the size of the work and the depth of penetration required. This process is also called casehardening.
Nut riding is also one of the casehardening methods. The process consists of keeping the steel in hot ammonia last for some hours. Nitrogen, formed in this condition, thus forms a very hard case. Another method of casehardening is carburization. The work is placed into metal box containing carburizing materials; the box is closed and placed into a furnace for some hours at the temperature of 1.700°F. The depth to which the carbon penetrates depends on the time the piece is kept in the furnace. The work has a hard case and a soft core.
These methods of heat treatment are used to obtain steels with certain mechanical properties for certain applications.