Read the text «Turning machine», translate it into Russian paying attention to terms and terminological units. Turning machine
Turning is a form of machining, a material removal process, which is used to create rotational parts by cutting away unwanted material. The turning process requires a turning machine or lathe, workpiece, fixture, and cutting tool. The workpiece is a piece of pre-shaped material that is secured to the fixture, which itself is attached to the turning machine, and allowed to rotate at high speeds. The cutter is typically a single-point cutting tool that is also secured in the machine, although some operations make use of multi-point tools. The cutting tool feeds into the rotating workpiece and cuts away material in the form of small chips to create the desired shape. Turning is used to produce rotational, typically axi-symmetric, parts that have many features, such as holes, grooves, threads, tapers, various diameter steps, and even contoured surfaces. Parts that are fabricated completely through turning often include components that are used in limited quantities, perhaps for prototypes, such as custom designed shafts and fasteners. Turning is also commonly used as a secondary process to add or refine features on parts that were manufactured using a different process. Due to the high tolerances and surface finishes that turning can offer, it is ideal for adding precision rotational features to a part whose basic shape has already been formed.
Turret Lathes. In a turret lathe, a longitudinally feedable, hexagon turret replaces the tailstock. The turret, on which six tools can be mounted, can be rotated about a vertical axis to bring each tool into operating position, and the entire unit can be moved longitudinally, either annually or by power, to provide feed for the tools. When the turret assembly is backed away from the spindle by means of a capstan wheel, the turret indexes automatically at the end of its movement thus bringing each of the six tools into operating position. The square turret on the cross slide can be rotated manually about a vertical axis to bring each of the four tools into operating position. On most machines, the turret can be moved transversely, either manually or by power, by means of the cross slide, and longitudinally through power or manual operation of the carriage. In most cased, a fixed tool holder also is added to the back end of the cross slide; this often carries a parting tool.
Through these basic features of a turret lathe, a number of tools can be set on the machine and then quickly be brought successively into working position so that a complete part can be machined without the necessity for further adjusting, changing tools, or making measurements. Single-Spindle Automatic Screw Machines. There are two common types of single-spindle screw machines. One, an American development and commonly called the turret type (Brown & Sharp), is shown in the second figure. The other is of Swiss origin and is referred to as the swiss type. The Brown & Sharp screw machine is essentially a small automatic turret lathe, designed for bar stock, with the main turret mounted on the cross slide. All motions of the turret, cross slide, spindle, chuck, and stock-feed mechanism are controlled by cams. The turret cam is essentially a program that defines the movement of the turret during a cycle. These machines usually are equipped with an automatic rod feeding magazine that feeds a new length of bar stock into the collect as soon as one rod is completely used.
turning machine — токарный станок
turning - токарное ремесло; токарная работа, точение
machining - механическая обработка
fixture – крепление, прикрепление
cutting tool - резец
pre-shaped material — заранее отформованный матеріал
cutter - фреза
multi-point tool — многофункциональный концевой инструмент
axi-symmetric - осесимметричный, с осью симметрии
groove - желобок, паз; канавка
thread — винтовая резьба, нарезка
taper — конус, конусоподобность, коническая форма
tolerance - допуск, допустимое отклонение
finish — чистовая обработка, обрабатывать; выравнивать; доводить до идеальности; полировать, обрабатывать начисто
spindle speed selector - ручка настройки скорости вращения шпинделя
headstock assembly — узел передней бабки
tool post - верхняя часть суппорта, поворотная часть суппорта (стругального станка); верхние салазки суппорта
compound rest - крестовый суппорт; сложный суппорт; верхний суппорт
cross slide - вертикальный суппорт (продольно-строгального станка); поперечные салазки (суппорта); поперечный суппорт, ползун (суппорта), поперечный золотник
carriage — суппорт, каретка, салазки
bed - станина
ways - направляющая станка
hexagon turret — шестигранная револьверная головка, суппорт
tailstock — стол (золотник)
longitudinally – в длину; в продольном направлении
square turret — многоместный резцедержатель (поворотная головка)
tool holder — резцедержатель; держатель (держатель инструмента)
parting tool – отрезной резец
adjusting- регулирования, регулируемый
changing tools - сменные инструменты
making measurements – проводить измерения
single-spindle automatic screw machines – одношпидельный автоматический винтонарезной станок
bar stock - прутковая заготовка, пруток
stock-feed mechanism - механизм подачи материала
cam - кулак, кулачок, эксцентрик
automatic rod feeding magazine — автоматический узел тяги механизма подачи
rear tool post – задняя верхняя часть суппорту
rotary stop screw - вращательный упорный винт
rаm - ползун
saddle - суппорт; салазки
turnstile, capston wheel – крестовина
rotary stops for carriage – вращательный фиксатор для каретки