3 Практические занятия

1 SEMINAR

Interaction of logical and nominal meanings.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М., 1968, 1977.

2 SEMINAR

Intensification of a certain feature of a thing or phenomenon.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М., 1968, 1977.

3 SEMINAR

PECULIAR USE OF SET EXPRESSIONS.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

4 SEMINAR

PART V. SYNTACTICAL EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICES.

A. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

5 SEMINAR

B. PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE COMPOSITION OF SPANS OF UTTERANCE LARGER THAN THE SENTENCE.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

6 SEMINAR

C. COMPOSITIONAL PATTERNS OF SYNTACTICAL ARRANGEMENT.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

7 SEMINAR

D. PARTICULAR WAYS OF COMBINING PARTS OF THE UTTERANCE (LINKAGE).

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

8 SEMINAR

E. PARTICULAR USE OF COLLOQUIAL CONSTRUCTIONS.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

9 SEMINAR

F. STYLISTIC USE OF STRUCTURAL MEANING.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

10 SEMINAR

1. Functional styles of the english language. Introductory remarks.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

11 SEMINAR

A. THE BELLES-LETTRES STYLE.

1. Language of poetry. 2. Emotive prose. 3. Language of the drama.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

12 Seminar

B. PUBLICISTS STYLE. 1. ORATORY AND SPEECHES. 2. THE ESSAY. 3. JOURNALISTIC ARTICLES.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

13 SEMINAR

C. NEWSPAPER STYLE. 1. BRIEF NEWS ITEMS. 2. ADVERTISEMENTS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS. 3. THE HEADLINE. 4. THE EDITORIAL.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

14 SEMINAR

D. SCIENTIFIC PROSE STYLE.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

15 SEMINAR

E. THE STYLE OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS.

Literature: 1. Гальперин И.Р. Стилистика. М. 1968, 1977.

TEST 1

Stylistic Devices

1 Metaphor is based on…

2 Trite metaphors are generally used as EMs in …

3 Personification involves …

4 Irony is .. 5 The following example of pun" Mr. Black asked his servant: "Have you seen any spirits?" "Or taking any?" - added Bob Allen''

6 We deal with semantically false chains when …

7 Epithets which don't lose their poetic flavor and used in ballads and folk song are called…

8 As clear as a bell is a …

9 As deep as a well is a …

10 Oxymoron is ..

11 As white as a sheet is a …

12 The biggest little town is an …

13 As black as coal is a …

14 Crowded loneliness is an …

15 As obstinate as a mule is a …

16 Thousand pardons is a …

17 As slow as a tortoise is a …

18 A young middle-aged woman is an …

19 A figure of speech that implies a direct likeness between two unlike things

20 The use of one name for something closely associated with it…

21 A statement in which the intended meaning is the opposite of the literal meanining

22 A stylistic device by means of which homogeneous parts of an utterance are made heterogeneous from the semantic point of view…

23 A lexical stylistic device in which a proper name is used instead of common noun or vice versa, in which the nominal meaning of a proper name is suppressed by its logical meaning or the logical meaning acquires the new nominal component.

24 As dumb as a fish is a …

25 A deliberate postponement of the completion of the sentence…

26 Epithets can't be expressed by …

27 When the stylistic effect of oxymoron is lost it is used as …

28.Similes are called disguised if is expressed such words as…

29. Metaphor is…

30. Genuine metaphors are mostly used in …

31. Metonymy is based on …

32. The word containing irony is…

33 The following example of pun "There comes a period in every man's life, but she is just a semicolon in his" is…

34 When a word is attached to the phraseological unit and offers a very fresh, original and expressive description we deal with…

35 Figurative (transferred) epithets are formed of…

36 Epithets based on the contradiction between the logical and syntactical: logically defining become syntactically defined and vice versa are called …

37 What points out the analogy between the various qualities of a human being and the animals?

38 Such words and set expressions as 'well', 'so to say', 'you see', 'you know', 'you understand', 'and all' are …

39 Metaphors which are commonly used in speech and easily predictable are …

40 The transference of the name of one object onto another in metaphor proceeds from

41 Traditional metonymy…

42 The word containing irony acquires …

43 In case of Zeugma polysemantic verbs with unlimited valency are combined with…

44 Epithet is markedly…

45 The tendency to cram into one language as much information as possible leads to models which are called…

46 Two epithets joined by a conjunction or asyndatically are…

47 If Simile often repeated it becomes …

48 Unexpected Metaphor is called…

49Metaphor as a SD proceeds from…

50 Genuine metonymy …

51 The function of irony is…

52 Riddles and jokes are often based on the use of…

53 A mild or inoffensive word substituted for one that is considered gross, indelicate or taboo…

54 A short, pointed statement, often humorous or satiric …

55 The most powerful EMs of any language are…

56 The dimunitive suffixes –y, -ie, -let are examples of EMs used at ... leve1.

57 A word or short phrase that aptly describes and labels a person or thing…

58 The use of shall in the second and third person is an example of EMs ... used level.

59 Traditional epithets are termed as…

60 Epithets can be expressed by … 61 The object which is compared in simile is called … 62 Which simile-forming elements only remotely suggest resemblance?

63 Awfully pretty is an …

64 The sleepless pillow is an …

65 As light as a feather is a …

66 The shadow of smile is an …

67 As sweet as honey is a …

68 As cunning as a fox is a …

69 What is included into a group of SDs known as “play on words”?

70 To give the whole world is a …

71 As proud as a peacock is a …

72 Scared to death is a …

73 Coffee imprisoned in the can is a …

74 Thousand years old is a …

75 A rough diamond is a …

76 Lexical stylistic devices-

77 Syntactical stylistic devices-

78 Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices

79 She was a faded white rabbit of a woman.

80 He sat with Daisy in his arms for a long silent time.

81 He behaved pretty busily to Jan.

82 He opened up a wooden garage. The doors creaked. The garage was full of nothing.

83 She was obstinate as a mule, always had been, from a child. D) Simile

84 He felt that his presence must, like a single drop of some stain, tincture the crystal liquid that was absolutely himself.

85… is a word or a group of words giving an expressive characterization of the object described.

86 A stylistic device based on singling out a secondary member of the sentence with the help of punctuation (intonation).

87 …is a comparison of two things which are quite different, but which have one important quality in common. The purpose is to highlight this quality.

88 … compares two things which are quite unlike one another by identifying one with the other or replacing one with the other.

89 … is a description of an object or an idea as if it were a human being.

90 … is a transfer of the name of one object to another with which it is in some way connected.

91 …is a deliberate exaggeration of some quantity or quality.

92 …is the clash of two opposite meanings within the same context, which is sustained in oral speech by intonation.

93 …is a structure consisting of two steps, the lexical meanings of which are opposite to each other.

94 is broken word order

95 … is a statement in the form of a question which needs no answer.

96 … renders the character’s thoughts which were not uttered aloud.

97 … is a sentence where one of the main members is omitted.

98 … is observed when some parts of the sentence or sentences are repeated. It is employed as a means of emphasis.

99 …present identical structure of two or more successive clauses or sentences.

100 …is a pattern of two steps where the second repeats the structure of the first in a reversed manner.

101 …is play on words.

102 …the context allows to realize two meanings of the same polysemantic word without the repetition of the word itself.

103 …joins two antonymous words into one syntagma.

104 …is a two component structure in which two negations are joined to give a positive evaluation.

105 …is a very peculiar stylistic device which basically consists of using a roundabout form of expression instead of a simpler one.

106 Fine open-faced boy, generous and soft in heart.

107 Andrew’s face looked as if it were made of a rotten apple.

108 The long arm of the law will catch him in the end.

109 The hall applauded.

110 I would give the whole world to know.

111 Stoney smiled the sweet smile of an alligator.

112 He looked at the distant green wall. It would be a long walk in this rain, and muddy one. Anyway what would they find - lots of trees.

113 In marriage the upkeep of a woman is often the downfall of a man.

114 B Into a singularly restricted and indifferent environment Ida Zobel was born.

115 Why do we need refreshment; my friends? Why can we not fly?

116 Very windy, isn’t it?»- «Very.»- «But it’s not raining.»- «Not yet.»

117 A smile would come into Mr. Pickwick’s face; the smile extended into laugh; the laugh into a roar, and the roar became general.

118 Passage after passage did he explore; room after room did he peep into.

Parallel construction

119 Mr. Boffin looked full at the man and the man looked full at Mr. Boffin.

120 “Did you hit the woman with a child?”- “No, Sir, I hit her with a brick.”

121 Mr. Stiggins took his hat and his leave.

122 She was a damned nice woman.

123 I took my obedient feet away from him.

124 He had all the confidence in the world and not without reason.

125 She’s been in a bedroom with one of the young Italians, Count Something.

126 She had wavy flaxen hair.

127 Her family was one aunt about a thousand years old.

128 She had her breakfast and her bath.

129 Talent Mr. Micawber has; capital Mr. Micawber has not.

130 Down dropped the breeze, the sails dropped down.

131 A saint abroad and a devil at home.

132 Are these the remedies for a starving and desperate populace?

133 He was not without taste.

134 His jokes were sermons and his sermons jokes.

135 The man looked a rather old forty - five, for he was already going grey.

136 I am full of poetry now. Rot and poetry. Rotten poetry.

137 He is a proud, haughty, consequential, turned-nosed peacock.

138 The girls were dressed to kill.

139 You have got two beautiful bad examples for parents.

140 She has always been as live as a bird.

141 He would make some money and then he would come back and marry his dream from Blackwood.

142 You have nobody to blame but yourself. The saddest words of tongue or pen.

143 The lift hold two people and rose slowly, groaning with diffidence.

144 The next speaker was a tall gloomy man Sir Something Somebody.

145 We danced on the handkerchief- big place between the speakeasy tables.

146 A very likeable young man with a pleasantly ugly face…

147 A neon sign reads: Welcome to Reno- the biggest little town in the world.

148 Then there was something between them. There was. There was.

149 Women are not made for attack. Wait they must.

150 The idea was not totally erroneous. The thought did not displease me.

151 He made his way through the perfume and conversation.

152 A branch cracking under his weight sent through the tree a sad cruel thunder.

153 Their bitter sweet union did not last long.

154 Don’t use big words. They mean so little.

155 Children! Breakfast is just as good as any other meal and I won’t have you gobbling like wolves.

156 We sat down at a table with two girls in yellow and three men, each one introduced to us as Mr. Mumble.

157 I was scared to death when he entered the room.

158 Mrs. Nork had a large home and a small husband.

159 Famine, despair, cold, thirst and heat had done. Their work on them by turns, and thinn’d them too.

160 For glances, beget ogles sighs, sighs wishes, wishes words, and words a letter.

161 The repetition of consonants, usually in the beginning of words…

162 The repetition of similar vowels, usually in stressed syllables…

163 A sense of ease and comfort in pronouncing or hearing is…

164 A sense of strain and discomfort in pronouncing or hearing is…

165 The use of words whose sounds imitate those of the signified object or action, such as “hiss”, “murmur”, “bump”...

166 Intentional violation of the graphical shape of a word used to reflect its authentic pronunciation is called...

167 Connection between parts of a sentence or between sentences without any formal signs, becomes a stylistic device if there is a deliberate omission of the connective where it is generally expected to be according to the norms of the literary language.

168 The stylistic device of connecting sentences or phrases or words by using connectives (conjunctions and prepositions) before each component part…

169 The stylistic device of connecting sentences or phrases or syntagms or words by using connectives (conjunctions and prepositions) before each component part…

170 An arrangement of sentences which secures a gradual increase in significance, importance or emotional tension in the utterance…

TEST 2

Literary and Colloquial Vocabulary

1 Chum is a ... word 2 The pronoun 'thou' and its forms 'thee', 'thy', 'thine' are characteristic of …

3 The southern dialect has …

4 Jargon and slang differ from ordinary language mainly in …

5 The function of expletives is …

6 Which words aim at secrecy?

7 Many of the words fixed in dictionaries as dialectal arc of… 8 The written variety of the English language is characteristic of…

9 "Tin-fish" is a …

10 Such vulgar words as "damn", "to hell", "goddamn" are generally used as…

11 Bread-basket is a…

12 Leggo is a…

13 Rot is a …

14 Block-buster is a …

15 Chic is a …

16 The special vocabulary used by any set of persons of a low or disreputable character is called a …

17 The word kid is…

18 The word child is…

19 The word infant is…

20 The word daddy is…

21 The word father is…

22 The word parent is…

23 The word chap is…

24 The word fellow is…

25 The word associate is…

26 The words used in a definite trade, profession are called ….

27 The aspect of the neutral layer is its ... character.

28 The words that are crude or offensive in language are called …

29 The words whose use is generally confined to a definite locality are called ….

30 A group of words whose aim is to preserve secrecy within one or another social group is called ….

31 Professionalisms are…

32 Jargon are …

33 Vulgarisms are …

34 Dialectal words are …

35 Slang words are …

36 Words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique are ….

37 Words denoting historical phenomena which are no more in use are ….

38 The aspect of the literary layer is its ... character.

39 The aspect of the colloquial layer is its ... character.

40 This layer is more or less stable.

41 This layer is the most stable.

42 This layer is unstable.

43 Nay is a ... word.

44 Maketh is a ... word.

45 Troth is a ... word.

46 Glee is a ... word.

47 They may have exact synonyms

48. A newly invented word or phrase is called a

49. Monitor is a …

50. Hinny is a …

51. Solo is a …

52. Concerto is a …

54 They don’t belong to the English vocabulary. ..

55 The colloquial vocabulary falls into the following groups…

56 The literary vocabulary consists of the following groups of words…

57 An’’im so sweet- spoken, tu, ‘tes…

58 To out-sputnik, orbiting…

59 Methinks- it seems to me

60 Gorget, mace, thane, goblet

61 Bon mot (a clever or witty saying)

62. Bean- head, bread- money, garbage- food…

63 D Spellken- a play- house or theatre, a blowing – a girl

64 Mummy –mother, dad- father, gee-gee – horse

65 Picture show- battle, sewing machine- machine gun

66 Tin-fish- submarine, block- buster- a film

67 Volk- folk, vound- found, zee- see, zinking- sinki

68 Home- gate of Rome, wife- joy of my life

69 Bloody, damn, bitch…

70 Commence, respond, individual are…

71 Begin, answer, man…

72 Bouquet, garage, alter ego…

73 E Words denoting objects, processes, phenomena of science, humanities, technique…

74 Words denoting historical phenomena which are no more in use…

75 Words, used by most speakers in very informal communication, are highly emotive and expressive, lose their originality rather fast and are replaced by newer formations.

76 Words, used by limited groups of people united either professionally or socially.

77 Words with a strong emotive meaning, mostly derogatory, normally avoided in polite conversation.

78 The words used in a definite trade, profession or calling by people connected by common interests both at work and at home…

79 Words, which in the process of integration of the language remained beyond its literary boundaries, and their use is generally confined to a definite locality.

Dialectal words

80. Friend is a ... word

TEST 3

Functional Styles

1 The language style of oratory belongs to …

2 The language style of brief news items and communiques belongs to …

3 The language style of humanitarian sciences belongs to …

4 The language style of diplomatic documents belongs to …

5 The language style of emotive prose belongs to …

6 The language style of essays belongs to …

7 The language style of newspaper headings belongs to …

8 The language style of “exact” sciences belongs to …

9 The language style of drama belongs to …

10 The language style of feature articles in newspapers and journals belongs to …

11 The language style of notices and advertisements belongs to …

12 The language style of popular scientific prose belongs to …

13 The language style of business documents belongs to …

14 The language style of legal documents belongs to …

15 The language style of military documents belongs to …

16 The language style of poetry belongs to…

17 The function of the Belles-Lettres Style…

18 B The function of the Scientific Style…

19 The function of the Publicist Style…

20 The function of the Official Style…

21 The function of the Colloquial Style

22 There are two basic objects of Stylistics