- •Квалификация (степень) бакалавр
- •Введение
- •Этапы работы над рефератом
- •Структура реферата
- •Требования к оформлению реферата
- •Методика обработки полученной информации
- •Краткое изложение текста
- •Особенности языкового стиля реферата
- •Клишированные фразы для реферата на английском языке
- •Клишированные фразы для реферата на немецком языке
- •Темы рефератов по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский)
- •Раздел 1. Великобритания
- •Раздел 2. Соединенные Штаты Америки
- •Темы рефератов по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (немецкий)
- •Логико-грамматические лексические единицы, характерные для английской научно-технической литературы
- •Литература по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (английский)
- •Литература по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» (немецкий)
Особенности языкового стиля реферата
Для написания реферата используется научный стиль речи. В научном стиле легко ощутимый интеллектуальный фон речи создают различные конструкции.
Клишированные фразы для реферата на английском языке
The Paper is called = The title of the Paper is…
The theme of the Paper is …
It is spoken about …
It is said in brief that…
The paper is devoted to (is concerned with) ….
The paper deals with ….
The text gives an information about ...
Special attention is paid (given) to ….
Some factors are taken into consideration (account) ….
Some factors are omitted (neglected) ….
The paper (instrument) is designed for ….
The instrument is widely used ….
A brief account is given of ….
The author refers to …
Reference is made to ….
The author gives a review of ….
There are several solutions of the problem ….
There is some interesting information in the paper ….
It is expected (observed) that ….
It is reported (known, demonstrated) that ….
It appears (seems, proves) that ….
It is likely (certain, sure) ….
It is possible to obtain ….
It is important to verify ….
It is necessary to introduce ….
It is impossible to account for ….
It should be remembered (noted, mentioned) ….
Reader’s attention is drawn to…
The following facts are stressed in the article…
The content of the text includes ...
The text is devoted to the problem ...
The articles are taken from ...
In the article it is analyzed …
The author characterises ...
The author emphasizes ...
The author suggests ...
The author considers that ...
The main (sufficient) part of the research work contains...
The text contains statistics about…
In the introductory part the author touches upon…
At first it is depicted that…
Secondly it is revealed that…
First of all it is stressed that…
The author underlines that ...
In concluding paragraphs it is pointed out… …
Summing up the information…
We can see that…
Thus the problem of … is a serious and important one.
Therefore the problem of … is of current importance.
To conclude, …this paper has explored / investigated / shown / established … .
We conclude this part … with a few observations / remarks / comments / notes on…
We want to complete this part … by demonstrating / postulating / positing that… .
We want to end this paper ... by repeating / stressing / emphasizing / nothing that … . This problem / possibility … cannot be dismissed / ignored / neglected any more. Further study … may shed light on … / can yield useful predictions about … /more definitive results.
In conclusion, it may be said that … .
Finally we turn to /We want to note that … .
For completeness we show … / We should add that … /
Our conclusion focuses on aspects such as the fact that … .
The major points covered by this paper may be summarized as follows … .
In this course paper, … We have made the following claims. First that there is …, Finally … .
… looked at … and suggested that … .
The main findings of the study … reveal / show how systematic such … can be.
The main conclusion is that … are connected with each other.
