3. Unit 3. Dimension of a Ship

Length between perpendiculars is the designer’s length. It is the distance measured parallel to the base line, between forward and after perpendiculars.

Length over all is the length from the extreme point of stem to the extreme point of stern.

Breadth moulded is the breadth measured to the outside surface of fenders or plating. Depth is the vertical distance from the keel at the centerline to the top of the deck beam of the highest complete watertight deck at the side.

Freeboard is the vertical distance from the water to the weather deck edge at any point in the length of the ship, i.e. the amount the ship may sink before water begins to come on the deck at that point. The freeboard at bow, stern and amidships is usually indicated or stated.

Draught at any point is the vertical distance from the surface of the water to the bottom of the ship, at that point. When measured at or near the steam it is denoted as draught forward and when measured at or near the sternpost as draught aft. The mean draught is the mean value of draughts forward and aft. Most ships are designed to have the same draught forward and aft. Such a ship is called an even keel ship because the keel line is horizontal when it is floating at its designed draught. When a ship has a difference between draughts forward and aft it is said to be out of trim.

The maximum draught to which merchant ships may be loaded is indicated by a mark on the side of the ship at the midship section. This is known as the Plimsoll mark.

Words and Phrases

dimension – измерение, размеренность; главные размерения (судна)

stem – нос, форштевень

stern – корма

aft(er) perpendicular — кормовой перпендикуляр

fore [forward] perpendicular — носовой перпендикуляр

mould – формировать, делать по шаблону

frame – шпангоут

fender – кранец; наружный привальный брус

plating – обшивка

beam – брус, балка; бимс

watertight – водонепроницаемый

freeboard – надводный борт

weather deck – открытая палуба; верхняя палуба

bow – нос, носовая часть

amidships – посередине корабля

draught – осадка

trim – правильное размещение балласта

Plimsoll mark – грузовая марка

Exercises

1. Переведите следующие термины и словосочетания, выпишите незнакомые слова.

Designer’s length; the base line; from the extreme point of stem to the extreme point of stern; breadth moulded; the highest complete watertight deck; the weather deck edge; draught forward; draught aft; an even keel ship; to be out of trim; Plimsoll mark.

2. Заполните пропуски, используя информацию из текста:

1) Length over all is the length from the extreme point of … to the extreme point of …

2) Breadth moulded is the breadth measured to the outside surface of …

3) … is the vertical distance from the keel at the centerline to the top of the deck beam of the highest complete watertight deck at the side.

4) … is the vertical distance from the water to the weather deck edge at any point in the length of the ship.

5) … is the vertical distance from the surface of the water to the bottom of the ship, at that point.

6) The mean draught is the mean value of draughts … .

3. Выполните самостоятельный перевод предложений с русского языка на английский.

1) Конструкторская длина – это расстояние, измеряемое параллельно базовой линии между носовым и кормовым перпендикулярами.

2) Предельная ширина – это ширина, измеряемая по внешней поверхности обшивки.

3) Обычно помечают или указывают надводный борт на носу, на корме и посередине корабля.

4) Большинство судов, так называемых плоскодонных кораблей, имеют одинаковую осадку носом и кормой.

5) Максимальная осадка, по которую можно загрузить судно, помечена знаком в срединном отсеке корабля.

4. Дайте развернутый ответ на вопрос.

4. 1) Which length is called the designer’s length and what is its abbreviation?

2. What do you call the length from the extreme point of the stem to the extreme point of the stern?

3. What measurements of the ship’s breadth are used?

4. Which distance is called the depth of the ship?

5. What do you call the vertical distance from the water to the weather deck

edge?

6. What is the draught of a ship?

7. What do you call the draught measured

а) at or near the stem?

б) at or near the sternpost?

6. Give the definition of the mean draught.

7. What do you call a ship designed to have the same draught forward and aft?

10) Explain the statement: The ship is out of trim.

11) Where is indicated the maximum draught to which merchant ships may be loaded?

12. What is the name of the mark which indicates the maximum draught?

5. Перескажите текст. Составьте аннотацию.