1.1.4 Put the words under the following headings: -higher education -radiophysics

electronic device, future specialty, department, semiconductor, the core of the staff, masers and lasers, doctors degree course, research, natural and synthesized nanostructures, to get a degree, full- time study, solid state, molecular optics, 5 year course, unliner optical reaction.

grant

graduate

post graduate

full-time study

access

contest

advanced

property

cell

staff

development

1.1.5 Give Russian equivalents to the following words

преподавательский состав

доступ

клетка

денежные средства на научные разработки

выпускник

аспирант

разработка

очное обучение

свойство

have

specialist

be headed by

skilled

finish

understand

олимпиада(научная) прогрессивный

1.1.6 Find synonyms

highly qualified

possess

realize

to be under supervision

graduate

complete

7. Translate passive sentences, define tense form of the verbs

l.The gamma rays are affected by a magnetic field. 2. While a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated. 3. The drying of materials is effected by a high-frequency current. 4. By the middle of the nineteenth century about sixty, different elements had been discovered. 5. The propeller theory was worked out by N.E. Zhukovsky. 6. It is said that the language of figures is the most convincing language. 7. It has long been known that lightning is nothing else but an electric spark. 8. She goes to hospital and has her blood pressure taken. 9. Iron things are most strongly attracted to the poles of the magnet.

7. Answer the questions

What are you? What branches of physics does radio electronics include?

When was Radiophysics and Electronics Department formed in OSU? Who was the department formed by? What do the terms nanotechnology and nanometer mean? Where is the professional activity of graduates directed to? Where are they demanded?

7. What do you think these sayings mean? Which ones do you agree with? Why?

1. Business before pleasure. 2. Where there is a will there's a way. 3. The devil finds work for idle hands. 4. Make work like leisure.

Use the expression to help you

In my opinion; nowadays; more over; People generally...; on the whole; I can't stand...; I'd quite like.

7. Tell the class about your speciality using the information from the

text

1.2 Part 2

1.2.1 Read and translate the text. Make notes while reading: Things I knew... Things I don't know. Things I did not understand.

From the history of Radiophysics

1939-1972. Rainmaking. Wartime work on radio wave propagation led to an extended study by Dr E.G. Bowen of atmospheric behaviour and cloud physics. It was suggested in the USA that if a seeding agent were intoduced into supercooled clouds of water droplets, tiny ice crystals would be formed, collect water droplets and fall from the cloud. Within a few weeks of the announcement, field experiments were in progress. Australia quickly became a leader in cloud physics research and the techniques of artifical stimulation of rainfall. Scientists from India, Pakistan, the Philippines, Korea, Israel, Singapore, USA, Egypt, Malaya and Chile came to study at the Laboratory or to use the Australian methods.

In October 1952 a rainmaking Dakota aircraft disappered in cloud off Cronulla. Laboratory scientists R.S. Styles and F.W. Campbell and the whole R.A.A.F crew lost their lives.

Australian silver iodide burners, used to seed clouds from aircraft, became well known in many parts of the world.

In 1958 Radiophysics acquired two Cessna 310B aircraft for cloud seeding, hi 1965 these were replaced with one of the RAAF's DC3s which had been used previously.

"Cloud Physics" beame a separate division of CSIRO in 1972.

1939-1954. Radar. In early 1939 reports reached the Australian government about secret radar research being carried out in England by the Air Ministry. It was decided that a laboratory be set up under the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) to take up this research in Australia. It was called "Radiophysics" to cover its secret activities and had a starting budget of $81.000 with Dr. D.F. Martyn as Officer in Charge.

In June 1940 there were 19 staff, including 10 scientists. At the end of the war this had risen to 300 and the annual expenditure was $150.000.

The Laboratory worked on twenty major radar projects. They included the development of shore defence facilities, radar-contorlled searchlights gunlaying apparatus, ship warning and gunnery, range measuring equipment, and ionospheirc recorders.

Radio valve production was set up to produce Australian designed devices the equivalents of which were unobtainable from overseas sources. An X-ray tube was also developed.

The lightweight air warning "Rebecca-Eureka" radar system (LW/AWH) built around an Australian magnetron gave succesful coverage of low flying aircraft. Its properties of air and jungle portability, tropical weather resistance, and inbuilt protection against the enemy jamming, made it probably the outstanding wartime achievement of the Radiophysics Laboratory.

One of these units was used at Collaroy to investigate the reported "jamming" of British radar sets by the Sun. Using improvised receivers radio noise was detected from the Sun at 200 MHz on 3 October 1945. It came from a part of the Sun where the temperature was about 1,000,000 0C, enormously higher than the surface (optical) temperature of 6,000 ° C. Radiation at even higher temperatures seemed to be coming from sunspots.

Immediately following the war Radiophysics developed the first airport control radar and long-distance "airways" radar which was subsequently installed at all Australian airports.

In 1954 Radiophysics supplied the NSW Police Force with its first Doppler radar units.

1945-1955. Distance Measuring Equipment. Another result of radar experience was the development of the air navigation aid, "Distance Measuring Equipment" (DME), by J.H. Piddington and B.F.C. Cooper. With this device pilots could measure the distance of their aircraft from a DME beacon at a known position. By using two beacons (at different frequencies) the aircraft's position could be determined. It was not until ten years after Australia's adoption of DME that a higher frequency version was adopted for international use.

Work was also done on determining bearing, as well as distance, and on long range DME. The "Multiple Track Range", a short distance landing aid, was developed. An airport simulator developed at the same time was given to the Department of Civil Aviation in 1949 for air traffic controller training.

In 1955 the DME equipment was converted to transistor operation, vastly reducing its bulk.