Вариант 8

ЗАДАНИЯ к упражнениям:

1. Перепишите предложения, употребив артикль, где необходимо:

2. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, повторив тему «Инфинитив». Инфинитив подчеркните.

3. Перепишите предложения, употребив нужную форму причастия, образовав ее от глагола,

данного в скобках. Предложения переведите.

4. Измените залог глагола в следующих предложениях, переведите их на русский язык.

5. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, повторив тему «Герундий». Герундий подчеркните.

6. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, повторив тему: «Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты». Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты, определите их время.

7. Перепишите предложения, употребив глагол в скобках в одном из времен Continuous. Предложения переведите

8. Перепишите предложения, употребив глагол в скобках в одном из времен Perfect. Предложения переведите

9. Перепишите предложения, изменив прямую речь косвенной.

10. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст на русский язык.

Задание № 1

1. __ largest and deepest ocean in __ world is __ Pa­cific, then comes __ Atlantic. 2. __ Indian ocean is only __ little smaller. 3. __ smallest ocean is __ Arctic. 4. __ longest river in __ world is __ Mississippi, __ largest sea is __ Mediterranean, __ deepest lake is __ Lake Baikal. 5. Large masses of __ land are called __ con­tinents. 6. They are __ Europe and Asia, __ North and __ South America, __ Australia and __ Antarctica. 7. There are mountain chains in many parts of __ world. 8. Some of them such as __ Urals are old, others like __ Caucasus are much younger. 9. __ highest mountain chain, which is called __ Himalayas, is situated in __ Asia.

Задание № 2

1. To repair the house will take two months. 2. To finish this work today is very important. 3. To err is human. 4. To be or not to be - that is the question. 5. To get a fresh copy of the “Morning Star" I shall have to go to our library.

Задание № 3

1. No one may attend the lecture except (to invite) guests. 2. Because we have a (to write) agreement, our landlord won’t be able to raise our rent for two years. 3. After an (to exhaust) trip of twelve hours, Jason fell asleep at the dinner table. 4. I like to hear the sound of gently (to fall) rain. 5. (to freeze) fish is as nutritious as fresh fish, but it doesn’t taste quite as good.

Задание № 4

1. How do people make candles? 2. Very few people watch that TV show. 3. Someone cut down that tree last week. 4. Sally made that pie. 5. Three continents surround the Mediterranean Sea.

Задание № 5

1. Do you mind my smoking here? 2. I have no intention of staying here any longer. 3. He was fond of skiing & skating when he was a child. 4. Mary hates wasting time. 5. Your missing the classes so often doesn't do you any good.

Задание № 6.

1. We had to buy some food for the picnic. 2. Mr. Smith must be in his office now. 3. Carol can speak three foreign languages. 4. A student of the Harvard University is to pay 3,000 dollars a year for his studies. 5. A mother to a child: “You are not allowed to open the door when I am out”.

Задание № 7

1. Look at this picture! Mr. Allen (to hold) a cat. He (to love) the cat. The cat (to lick) Mr. Allen’s face.

2. What you (to read) right now? — I (to read) my grammar book. 3. We (to watch) this match on TV tomorrow from 10 till 11. 4. When James came Mary (to look for) something. 5. Right now Robert is in the kitchen.

He (to cook) rice and beans for dinner.

Задание № 8

1. By 6 o’clock yesterday we had already finished our work.

2. We (go) to the Steak House restaurant many times. The food is excellent.

3. John’s terribly upset. He (break) off his engagement to Megan. Apparently she (see) someone else since he went to Africa.

4. By the time you come tomorrow Jack (to go) to work.

5. When I woke, the sun (not to rise) yet.

Задание № 9.

1. She answered: “I have read this book twice ”.

2. Jason added: “I didn’t want to do any harm ”.

3. Her brother asked: “Is Sally watching TV now? ”

4. Father said to his son: “Don’t take this heavy suitcase! ”

5. Helen said to me: “I think it will rain soon”.

Задание № 10

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE USA

The USA is a federal republic consisting of 50 states & the independent district Columbia which doesn't belong to any state. The form of American government is based on the Constitution adopted in Philadelphia in 1787. Since that time many amendments were adopted. The first ten of amendments to American Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights.

The US government makes & enforces laws, collects taxes, provides services for the people, protects individuals & their propriety and works for national & international security. Abraham Lincoln described the US government as “the government of people, by the people & for the people”. The US government negotiates with other governments & participates in inter-national organizations to promote peace, health & education. It has its powers to declare war & to conclude peace pacts. It keeps the armed forces & can draft citizens for military service.

The political system of the USA consists of three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch & the judicial branch. Each branch is independent from the other two ones.

The highest organ of the legislative power is Congress which consists of the Senate & the House of Representatives. The Senate & the House of Representatives meet in different chambers in the Capitol in Washington. D.C. Congress makes laws, levies federal taxes, declares war or puts foreign treaties into effect.

The Senate has 100 members. Each state regardless of its territory & population has 2 senators who serve 6-year terms. The Vice President of the USA presides over the Senate.

The House of Representatives consists of 435 members. They are elected for a period of 2 years. Each state sends a different number of men according to the population of the state. Thus, California has 52 members while Alaska, Delaware & some other states only one.

The executive branch consists of the President and his Cabinet. The President is the head of the state, he lives in the White House in Washington, DC.

A President must be a natural born citizen of the USA or the resident of the country not less than 14 years. A President must be over 35 years old. He is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces & the head of the state. The President & Vice President are elected for a 4-year term & may be in office not more than 2 terms.

A famous President, Franklin Roosevelt, was elected 4 times, but since that time the Congress has passed a law making anything longer than 2 terms illegal. The process of getting the new president into office is called 'Inauguration'. The new president takes office at noon of January, 20 of the year following the elections. He takes the oath & delivers his speech on the steps of the Capitol.

The highest organ of the judicial power is the Supreme Court. It has one Chief Justice & 8 Associated Justices. The President appoints these men for life, but they must be approved by the Senate. The decision of the Supreme Court is final.

Each state in the USA has its own government & constitution, but no state may pass a law contrary to the Constitution of the US laws & treaties.