Test 25

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Each of the verbs in the following list should be used twice to complete the following sentences – once as an action verb and once as a linking verb. Write an appropriate form of the verb for each sentence. Indicate which are action and which are linking verbs:

Feel grow look sound taste

1. His voice .................. peculiar on the phone.

2. In their garden they .................. tomatoes, lettuce, and carrots.

3. Marion’s clam sauce always .................. slightly sweet.

4. If Jeff .................. sick, he should stay home.

5. The soldier’s face .................. pale when he heard the sad news.

6. Mr. Blake .................. a bump rising on his aching forehead.

7. Our furniture .................. new after being reupholstered.

8. The boy on horseback .................. the alarm as the enemy approached.

9. Just .................. this homemade fudge.

10. I ……………… carefully before driving further down that road.

Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of come, get, go, grow or turn. If more than one answer is possible, give them both:

11. Over the years, he ……………… to resemble his father more and more.

12. The mirror ……………… broken when I dropped it in the bathroom.

13. I was going to put cheese on my sandwiches, but it had ……………… moldy.

14. They lived in a part of the city that people ……………… to call ‘The Rocks’.

15. Later on, I ……………… to understand why my sister had changed.

Choose the right variant:

16. A complete listing of courses offered will be found in the class schedule/plan.

17. Students must pay all their fees before the start of each semester/division.

18. A student from another university who comes to study for one or two semesters is called an exchange/change student.

19. A freshman/starter is someone in their first year of (an American) university.

20. A senior/leaver is someone in their final year of (an American) university.

21. To cramp/cram means to study hard in a short period of time (usually before an exam).

22. When is your assignment due/date? (By when does it have to be finished?)

23. An alumnus/albatross is a graduate or former student of a school, college, or university.

24. A part-time/part-study student is one who doesn't have a full course load.

25. When you write a research paper/research work, you're writing a formal written report that includes both research findings and your own ideas.

READING

In the following text, the headings of five sections have been removed. Choose the best heading (A-F) for the five sections (1-5). There is one extra heading you do not need to use. You only need to write the letter in the box:

1. Old Ice Clues

2. History Repeating Itself

3. Fear For The Future

4. Super Fast Melt

5. Accurate Predictors

6. Fresh Input

Ice melt clues to future climate

When the climate began to warm during the last Ice Age about 23,000 years ago, much of the Northern Hemisphere was covered in ice.

In two new studies published this week in Nature Geoscience, researchers describe how ice sheets behaved in the past could help scientists better predict what might happen to them in a warmer world of our future.

1.__________________

University of Wisconsin geologist Anders Carlson studies ice sheet melt from land and ocean sediment cores. His study describes what prehistoric Earth was like in North America and Northern Europe some 140,000 years ago.

"What we found in this paper was that ice that's resting on land it responded very quickly to the warming climate, but then it didn't retreat really rapidly. It kind of chugged along and slowly melted like an ice cube if you put a hair dryer on it," Carlson says, adding that was not the case with ice sheets floating on the ocean. "Marine based ice sheets behave unpredictably. They may not do anything for a while, and then they all of a sudden respond very abruptly. They can rapidly disappear."

2.__________________

Greenland and Antarctica hold the Earth's last remaining ice sheets. In July, satellite data showed that 97 percent of the surface of the Greenland ice sheet had turned to slush over four days, a rate faster than at any time in recorded history. According to Carlson, it might be responding rapidly to small changes in temperature, similar to what he saw in the prehistoric record of ice sheets on land.

"But that said, they haven't catastrophically collapsed in the past either to rapidly raise sea level in the time scale that humans would care about, that we would be hard pressed to adapt to." Carlson says the Antarctic marine-based ice sheet is less predictable. "What this would say from the past is that these ice sheets, well they may not do anything for a bit. But then if you want to catastrophically raise sea level like on the orders of a meter or two in human lifetime, there is prehistoric precedent for that happening."

3.__________________

A second paper in Nature Geoscience looks back 12,000 to 7,000 years to when massive ice sheets still covered the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. At that time, the global climate was roughly comparable to what it is today and glaciers were melting.

The study describes abrupt sea level jumps - from one-half to two meters -from melting glaciers.

4.__________________

"What happens when you suddenly drain these massive amounts of fresh water into the ocean? It's going to change ocean circulation," says co-author Torbjorn Tornqvist, an Earth scientist at Tulane University in Louisiana.

Today, rapid melting from the Greenland ice sheet would send massive amounts of fresh water into the North Atlantic Ocean, changing the marine environment.

"But it will also lead to potentially higher precipitation rates in the same region, which could also lead to fresher surface waters in the North Atlantic," Tornqvist says. "So we need to understand whether those types of changes could potentially be capable of triggering these kinds of abrupt climate events."

5.__________________

Tornqvist adds that understanding how abrupt climate changes affected Earth's geologic past can help design climate models that can better predict the future.

USE OF ENGLISH

Read the following personal letter. Complete the formal letter which follows, using no more than one or two words in each space. Do not repeat any words from the personal letter:

Dear Sarah

What a ghastly trip I had!

I have to write to the travel operators and tell them off. You’d think they could get the facts straight in their recent booklet. But no. The hotel rooms were supposed to be three-star, and I was supposed to get all my meals. At least, that’s what they promised, but I even had to pay extra for dinner, and the Mediterranean was nowhere in sight. What a dump that hotel was, providing nothing, not even a swimming pool. I told their man on the spot but he just said that everything in the brochure was kosher and correct, and it was all my fault for not checking. But I did! No doubt about it. I want all my money back. Slim chance, though. Oh, misery!

LETTER OF COMPLAINT

Dear Sir

I write to (1)......... about the package tour to Marbella booked through your company on the 15th July for the period 10-16 September. The holiday is advertised on page 34 of your (2)......... brochure.

The (3)......... given in the brochure completely misrepresented the reality. According to your brochure, (4)......... should have been three-star, with (5)........., and double room with (6).......... However, the hotel I stayed in had no stars at all. It was an ordinary pension. The room itself was cramped, even though it contained only one single bed. It faced away from the sea on to a noisy and crowded main street. A (7)......... had to be paid for an evening meal.

To make matters worse, the hotel had no (8).........: no swimming pool or private beach, both of which were promised by your misleading brochure.

On top of everything else, when I took the matter up with your (9)........., Mr Greg Morton, he did nothing at all. He said I should have (10)......... the details of the brochure when I booked. In fact, I did so, as far as I was able, by asking my travel agent for confirmation.

He assured me I could rely on the (11)......... of your brochure. He was wrong.

I write to you in the expectation of a (12)......... of the £650.00 I paid. Yours faithfully copies to the Office of Fair Trading and to Executive Travel Agents.