2. Закончите предложения

1. Transportation system is…

2. Driver is…

3. An unsafe vehicle is…

4. To ensure maximum safety for the transportation system, it is very necessary…

Словарь

DRIVER-водитель VEHICLE-транспортное средство ROAD-дорога

SAFETY-безопасность ACCIDENT-авария TRAFFIC-транспорт

Вариант 7

1. Переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы,данные после текста.

FROM THE HISTORY OF ROADS.

A road is a travelled way on which people, animals, or wheeled vehicles move.

The earliest roads developed from the paths and trails of prehistoric peoples; their construction was concurrent with the appearance of wheeled vehicles which was probably in the area between the Caucasus Mountains and the Persian Gulf sometime before 3000BC.

The first major road was the Persian Royal Road .The “Amber roads “ were the earliest European roads ad extended from Greece and Tuscany to the Baltic Sea. In East Asia the Chinese built a road system that linked its major cities and had a length of about 3200 km.

The Romans were the first to construct roads scientifically. Their roads were strait and the best roads were composed of a graded soil foundation that was topped by four layers: a bedding of sand or mortar; rows of large, flat stones; a thin layer of gravel mixed with lime; and finally a thin wearing surface of lava.

1. What is a road?

2. What road was the first major road?

3. Where did the first European road appear?

4. Who began to construct roads scientifically?

5. Of how many layers did the Roman road consist?

2. Закончите предложения

1. A road is…

2. The earliest roads developed from…

3. The “Amber Routes” were…

4. The Romans were the first…

Словарь

ROAD-дорога VEHICLE-транспортное средство TRAFFIC- транспорт TO LINK- соединять SOIL-почва STONE-камень AMBER ROUTES-янтарные маршруты

LAYER-слой SAND-песок BEDDING-основание MORTAR-раствор SURFACE-поверхность LIME-известь

Вариант 8

1. Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы,данные после текста.

BRITISH ROADS

British roads are classified in three groups. The arterial roads, so called because they may be compared to the arteries in the human body, are known as A or Class 1 roads. The arterial roads include the principal roads radiating from London to far parts of the country,and many roads joining big cities.The second group is B or Class 2 roads which are a little less important than A group. Last comes a third group which has no official name. Each road of the first two classes,A and B ,has a different number, which appears on all signposts, so a driver can find his way across Britain if he has previously looked up the number on a map.

The crowded state of the British roads caused many accidents and delays even before World War 2 and became much worse afterwards. In the late 1950s a programme was begun for building some 400 miles of motorways in the form of a network over the country. These modern highways were built with fly-over junctions and crossings and now they form part of a system of motorways across Europe.

A motorway is usually designed with two carriage-ways, one for traffic in each direction. These should be at least 30 feet apart to avoid the vision of drivers being dazzled by the lights of vehicles coming the other way.

1. What roads are included in Class1 roads?

2. Why are Class 1 roads called arterial roads?

3. What work in road building in Great Britain was done in the 1950s?

4. How is a motorway usually designed?