1. Linus Pauling, Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Peace

2. Silvia Earle, Biologist

3. Leon Lederman, Nobel Prize in Physics

4. Donna Shirley, Aeronautic engineer

Who…?	Silvia Earle	Leon Lederman	Donna Shirley	Linus Pauling
as a child was determined about the future profession of a scientist
loved reading popular science books for kids and science fiction books
was inspired by stories describing explorations
read books about insects and collected specimens of butterflies and beetles
had a particular career in mind
worked as a lab assistant in school
gave lectures and wrote a book on world peace
was fond of experiments
chose the area of science unusual for a girl
had at first difficulty studying at university/college

3. Listen again and answer the questions:

1. Why Sylvia Earle first wanted to be a veterinarian?

2. Why did she work as a laboratory assistant?

3. Why did Linus Pouling become interested in chemistry? What was his favorite journal?

4. Why did Leon Lederman get so impressed by Einstein’s book “Meaning of

Relativity”?

5. How did Leon Lederman’s brother influence his choice of a career in science?

6. What do we call people who build airplanes?

7. Why did Donna Shirley get fascinated about Mars and space travel?

8. Why couldn’t she specialize in space at college?

9. Why did she have to study a lot during her Christmas holidays?

What do you think?

• Are you happy with your choice of specialization? Why?/Why not?

• How did you get interested in science?

• What are your plans for the future? Do you have any particular career in mind?

• Would you like to become a research scientist? Why?/Why not?

• What else except for an inquisitive mind one should have to be a research scientist?

Writing

1. Write a paragraph about your choice of specialization. Use the questions below as the guidelines to help you to organize your ideas and develop a good piece of writing.

• Are you happy with your choice of specialization? Why?/Why not?

• How did you get interesting in science?

• Managing your learning A paragraph is a group of related sentences that develop an idea. In a paragraph there is usually one idea that is more important than all the others and it is commonly found at the beginning. The main idea is supported by major details that grow out of it. And there are also so called minor details that grow out of the major ones, i.e. examples, explanations, additional information, etc. When you write, try to join your ideas with the linking words and phrases. When you have finished, re-read and check your work.

  What are your plans for the future?

• Do you have a particular career in mind?

• Would you like to become a research scientist in your field? Why?/Why not?

Tool box: Listing 1 first of all moreover besides actually finally as for in any case

Reading

1. The words below are all from the text you are going to read. Are they nouns, verbs or adjectives or past participle forms? Match the words with their meanings that follow.

1. flexibility

2. Tool box: The parts of speech You can sometimes guess this from the shape of the word. e.g. suffices--ful means it is an adjective. -ed – probably the past tense or past participle form of a regular verb or an adjective. You can also guess the part of speech from the words which come before or after it, e.g. an exciting subject; exciting must be an adjective as it comes between the article a and the noun subject.

   current

3. conventional

4. relevant

5. advance

6. suited

7. component

8. available

9. applied

10. area

11. employment

12. mature

a) valuable and useful to people in their lives and work

b) work that you do to earn money

2. a part which combines with other parts to form something bigger

3. ability to bend or change

4. able to be obtained, used, or reached

5. no longer young

6. present time, modern, up-to-date

7. to develop or improve something

8. traditional

9. something which has practical use

10. is right for a particular person, situation or occasion

11. a part of a subject or activity

2. You are going to read the text about the Combined Science (Natural Sciences) course. Before you read the text, look up the word ‘combine’ in the dictionary.

3. According to the title of the course, what subjects do you think are included in the curriculum? Work with a partner and discuss your opinions, make a list of subjects.

4. Read the description of the Combined Science degree course offered by Lancaster University in Britain and check the predictions you have made.