Прочтите текст, а затем выполните следующие за ним упражнения.
Steering System
To guide the car, it is necessary to have some means of turning the front wheels so that the car can be pointed in the direction the driver wants to go. The steering wheel in front of the driver is linked by gears and levers to the front wheels for this purpose. The front wheels are on pivots so they can be swung to the left or right. They are attached by steering knuckle arms to the rods. The tie-rods are, in turn, attached to the pitman arm.
When the steering wheel is turned, gearing in the steering gear assembly causes the pitman arm to turn to the left or right. This movement is carried by the tie-rods to the steering knucle arms, and wheels, causing them to turn to the left or right. The steering system incorporates: the steering wheel and column, steering gear, pitman arm, steering knuckle arm, front axle, steering knuckle pivot, tie-rods.
There are several different manual steering gears in current use, such as the rack and pinion type and the recirculating ball type. The rack and pinion steering gear is widely used. Another manual steering gear which is popular in imported cars is the worm and sector type.
The steering wheel and column are the source of injury to the driver, air bags and other devices being developed now to safe the life of a driver.
Energy-absorbing columns must stop the steering wheel and column from being pushed to the rear as the front of the car is crushed in an impact. Energy-absorbing columns must also provide the driver with a tolerable impact as he moves forward and strikes the wheel with his chest.
Р
ис.
4. Steering
System:
1. steering wheel - рулевое колесо
2. steering column, steering mast — рулевая колонка
3. steering gear - рулевой механизм
4. steering arm, steering lever, (steering) pitman arm — рулевая сошка
5. steering knuckle - поворотная цапфа, поворотный кулак
6. steering knuckle lever, steering knuckle arm - рычаг поворотного кулака
7. single tie-rod - неразрезная поперечная рулевая тяга
8. steering knuckle lever, steering knuckle arm—рычаг поворотного кулака
9. drag link, steering gear connecting rod, steering drag rod—продольная рулевая тяга
Послетекстовые упражнения The exercises to be done after reading the text
Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы.
1. What mechanism is necessary to guide the car? 2. How is the steering wheel connected to the front wheels? 3. Why can the front wheels be swung to the left or to the right? 4. What does the manual steering system incorporate? 5. What types of manual steering gears in use do you know?
Упражнение 4. Переведите на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на герундий.
1. То guide the car it is necessary to have some means of turning the front wheels. 2. The steering wheel in front of the driver is linked by gears and levers to the front wheels for turning the car in the direction the driver wants to go. 3. Without using the steering system the car moves only in the direct position. 4. Manufacturers can use rack and pinion type steering gear without choosing another type because "rack and pinion" type steering is very dependable. 5. Energy-absorbing columns must stop the steering wheel from being pushed to the rear when the front of the car is damaged in an impact.
Упражнение 5. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем.
Troubles of Steering Gear Components
Steering gear and linkage may have the following basic troubles: excessive steering-wheel free play, bending of steering rod, oil leakage from the steering-gear case, disadjustment of steering gear.
What to do
1. Check the steering-wheel free play and steering gear performance while the car is running. 2. Check the steering-gear case for oil leakage by visual inspection. 3. Adjust the steering gear. Steering gear of the worm and roller type is adjusted by end playing in the steering worm shaft bearings.