- •Seminar 1 The Phrase. Noun phrases.
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •2. Identify the types of phrases with regard to their grammatical organization:
- •3. Make a list of the noun-phrases used in the following passage and describe their structure:
- •9. Analyse the following patterns in which the nouns weaken their meaning of substance and approach adjectives. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •4. Point out the phrases of “a jewel of a wife” type. How does the meaning of the components contribute to the overall semantics? Suggest ways of translation.
- •6. Comment on the use of “sort (kind) of Adj (V)” in the following:
- •7. Point out the head and the modifier in each of the following phrases; pick out the reversible ones.
- •8. Give noun-phrases related through nominalizing transformation to the following sentences:
- •10. Define by means of transformational analysis the semantic relations between the components of the following noun-adjunct groups. Translate the sentences.
- •11. Comment on the relations between the components of the following noun adjunct groups. Translate them.
- •16. Translate the following:
- •17. Comment on the arrangement of the constituents in the following structures and define their meaning:
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 2 The Phrase. Subordinate Verb-phrases. Predicative Phrases.
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •1. Analyse the verb phrases and the character of inner syntactic relations:
- •2. Give comments on the use of the verb-phrases with the cognate object:
- •3. Give comments on the adverbial use of nouns in the following patterns (point out the adverbial relations of comparison, time and different degree of quality):
- •4. Give comments on the structure of adjectival phrases in the following sentences:
- •5. Pick out nexus phrases in the following sentences and define their types.
- •6. Identify the syntactic relations:
- •7. Analyse the structures of predication in the following sentences. Pick out homonymic patterns. Translate the sentences.
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 3 The Simple Sentence. Structural and Communicative Approaches
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •3. Pick out two-member elliptical sentences out of the underlined. Analyse their grammatical structure:
- •4. Analyse the following sentences. Pick out one-member nominal sentences and identify their modal meaning:
- •5. Comment on the grammatical organization and modal meanings of the infinitival sentences given below:
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 4 The Simple Sentence: Constituent Structure
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •8. Differentiate between the compound verbal and compound nominal predicates. Single out instances of mixed types.
- •9. Comment on the types of attributes and ways of their expression.
- •10. Determine the types of objects and ways of their expression.
- •11. Identify semantic classes of the adverbial modifiers.
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 5 The Composite Sentence
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •1. Analyze the type of connectors (if any) and the character of coordination between the clauses of the compound sentences.
- •2. Comment on the type of the sub-clause and the way of connection with the principal one.
- •3. Comment on the type of the sub-clause and the way of connection with the principal one.
- •4. Point out the type of subordination (parallel homogeneous/heterogeneous or consecutive) and the depth of subordination perspective.
- •5. Analyze the following multi-clause sentences. Schematize the connection of clauses.
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •5. Form sentences with greater predicative load taking as the basis the following kernel sentences:
- •Literature:
- •Seminar 7 Semantic and Functional Sentence Perspective
- •1. Theoretical Comment.
- •2. Practice.
- •3 Identify the semantic role of the subject in the following sentences:
- •4. Comment on the actual division of the sentences and the means of its expression.
- •5. Comment on the means of expressing the rheme in these sentences:
- •6. Determine the pragmatic types of the sentences:
- •Literature:
4. Point out the phrases of “a jewel of a wife” type. How does the meaning of the components contribute to the overall semantics? Suggest ways of translation.
1. It opened to let a weed of a fellow (K. Mansfield). 2. He saw a scrag of a woman in a black shawl (K. Mansfield). 3. His most tender emotions… lay exposed to that greedy little nose, which wasn’t even a proper nose, but only a pug of a nose, a tiny perforated organ (P. Suskind). 4. Imagine being here day in, day out, with that rat of a child (K. Mansfield). 5. His lean triangle of a head is down (K. Mansfield). 6. She was a tiny wishbone of a child (K. Mansfield). 7. They would not keep shut. They were fools of doors (K. Mansfield). 8. Director Inoue Sato was a fearsome specimen—a bristly tempest of a woman... (D. Brown. 9. He was a quick little whippet of a man (A. Cronin). 10. That perhaps the new apprentice, that awkward gnome, this cipher of a man might be implicated in the fabulous blossoming of their business, Chenier would not have believed (P. Suskind).
5. Give the noun phrases related through nominalising transformation to the following sentences (NP1 is like NP2 – NP2 of NP1). Describe the operations applied in this transformation.
1. The boy is (like) a Spartan. 2. The boy is (like) a duck. 3. Her smile is (like) a ghost. 4. His nose is (like that of) a pug.
6. Comment on the use of “sort (kind) of Adj (V)” in the following:
1. I sort of sorry for him in a way (D. Salinger). 2. I sort of knocked on it anyway… (D. Salinger). 3 I sort of felt like it (D. Salinger).
7. Point out the head and the modifier in each of the following phrases; pick out the reversible ones.
Note: There are certain N1 prep N2 (to be called reversible) which also occur in reverse order N2 prep N1 in the same sentence environments. The N1 here is usually one of a roughly stateable subclass including set, type, group, class: This type of bacteria grows readily; Bacteria of the type grow readily. (it is not claimed that the meaning is identical). A clump of villagers was milling about; Some villagers in a clump were milling about.
a mountain of food, the great majority of letters, a great number of boys, a considerable quantity of water, this sort of thing, books of that kind, a thing of this sort, these kinds of books, a sort of genius, the system of this sort, some sort of man, a kind of golden moss.
8. Give noun-phrases related through nominalizing transformation to the following sentences:
Model: The man has a dark face. – The man with a dark face. – The man dark in (of) face.
1. The boy had a kind heart. 2. The girl had blue eyes. 3. The man had strong muscles. 4. Winifred had strong cheekbones.
9. Analyse the following patterns in which the nouns weaken their meaning of substance and approach adjectives. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
1. You were always more of a realist than Jon (J. Galsworthy). 2. I am not much of a judge (R. Lardner). 3. wasn’t he as much of a customer as any one else? (Th. Dreiser) 4. I’m too much of a bore (R. Lardner). 5. He wasn’t much of a business man (M. Quin).