4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.

1. The ultimate purpose of building techniques is to create a … structure.

2. Stresses vary according to the … of materials and the … of the member.

3. The kinds of stresses are … which resists pulling apart, and … , which resists crushing.

4. … occurs when one part of a member is in compression and the other is in tension.

5. … elements carry the loads of the upper parts of a building and that of snow, wind and other atmospheric precipitates.

6. Enclosing units separate the building from the … and give privacy to the … rooms.

7. Floors divide a building into … .

8. The most widespread type of … in building practice is a suspended one.

5. Give the English equivalents.

• устойчивая конструкция

• силы противодействия

• прочность на растяжение

• прочность на изгиб

• прочность на сжатие

• несущие элементы

• ограждающие элементы

• передавать нагрузку

6. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the function and meaning of ''one'', ''ones''.

1. All buildings erected at present may be divided into residential buildings and industrial ones.

2. This structure consists of a basic element and a secondary one.

3. Some buildings have very beautiful facades, but another have ones with additional elements.

4. Columns may be round and square ones.

5. Any rural house must have one front garden and one back garden.

6. One of the best buildings in this village is a kindergarten. It has some major rooms and some subsidiary ones.

7. One can imagine the future development of this huge region.

8. One should plan paying special attention to the natural character of this site.

9. Clubs, cinemas, schools, hospitals, sports structures and all the rest ones are common in our villages now.

7. Find and translate the sentences in which ''one'' is used as a substitution word.

1. The opportunity to meet a frequent word in a text is much greater than a rare one.

2. All buildings can be of two different forms of structure, the first one is the open-space type, the second one is the "box" type of structure.

3. The postwar year represented one of the hardest stages in history of Soviet building.

4. After having built this cinema we started a new one.

5. This method appears to be a good one.

6. This hotel is more beautiful. That one is less beautiful.

7. One thousand large enterprises were built in the countries of Africa.

8. Use the predicates of these sentences in Passive Voice and translate them.

Model: The company built this plant last year.

1. This plant was built by the company last year.

2. Industrial plants produce the equipment for building industry.

3. The workers will build the hotel in the nearest future.

4. The architect uses the large area between columns.

5. Students occupy two hostel blocks.

6. Builders provide the better dwelling.

7. They make these structural elements under off- site conditions.

8. Builders do much to reduce the work on the construction site.