- •Unit 9. Data processing
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 9
- •Introductory reading Text a. Data processing and data processing systems
- •Basic data processing operations
- •Data storage hierarchy
- •Text 9b. Word processing facilities
- •Advantages of computer data processing
- •Grammar review The Modal Verbs (mv) can/could
- •May/might
- •To have (got) to
- •Should/ought to
- •Will/would
- •Grammar exercises
- •In brackets.
- •May / might/ be allowed to
- •Must / have to / need
- •Mustn’t - needn’t - don’t have to
- •Should / ought to
Should/ought to
Meaning |
Forms of the MV |
Forms of the infinitive |
Kinds of sentences |
Some other ways of expressing the same meaning |
Sentence patterns |
1. Obligation weakened to the sense of advice, desirability |
should shouldn’t Should I…? ought to oughtn’t to Ought I to…?
|
Indefinite Infinitive
Continuous Infinitive
The Perfect Infinitive indicates that a desirable action was not carried out (an undesirable action was not carried out).
|
affirmative interrogative negative
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I advise you to… I advise you not to… I recommend you to do… I urge you to do… It is for you to do… I would advise you to do… |
You ought to/should help your friend. He is in trouble. You should/ought to be getting ready for your report. You ought to/should have changed for the Underground. Gorky Street is far away from here. He oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have left London without visiting Hyde Park. |
2. Instructions, corrections |
should shouldn’t Should I…? |
Indefinite Infinitive |
affirmative interrogative negative |
|
This preposition should be pronounced with a neutral sound in an unstressed position. You should take this medicine three times a day before your meals. |
3. Disapproval, reproach for failing to do what was one’s duty or moral obligation |
should shouldn’t ought to oughtn’t to
|
The Continuous Infinitive refers the action to the present. The Perfect Infinitive indicates that the action was not carried out.
|
affirmative negative |
|
You ought to/should be speaking more clearly.
You oughtn’t to/should have allowed him to go out so early after his illness. |
4. Supposition implying probability |
should shouldn’t ought to oughtn’t to
|
The Indefinite Infinitive refers the action to the present or future. The Perfect Infinitive refers the action to the past. |
affirmative negative |
Very likely he… It’s likely he… Most likely he… Very probably he… I think it is probable that…I expect he… Probably not… |
This dish ought to/should be very delicious as it has been prepared by Mother. This dish is very delicious. It ought to/should have been prepared by Mother. |
5. Emotional colouring |
Should I…?
|
Indefinite Infinitive |
interrogative
|
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Why should I? Why should you help him? How should you know? |