Часть 4.

1. What is the type of governmental model in the USA?

2. When were the majority of all the world’s states constitutions written?

3. When was a Declaration of Independence issued? What did it declare?

4. What kind of document was the Articles of Confederation?

5. What were the weaknesses of the Articles?

6. When was the Constitution of the United States officially adopted?

7. Why was inclusion of the federal principle in the Constitution a critical factor in its ratification?

8. Why did the Founding Fathers decide to separate governmental powers into three branches?

9. How does the principle of checks and balances work?

10. Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution in 1791?

11. What body represents the US legislature? What does it consist of?

12. How many members are there in the House of Representatives? How long do they serve?

13. How are the House seats apportioned among states?

14. How many senators does each state have? Why?

15. How long do senators serve? Why are their terms staggered?

16. What are the additional powers granted to Congress under Constitutional amendments?

17. What is the role of congress in national defense?

18. What is Congressional oversight? What exclusive poser does the Congress have?

19. Who may introduce a bill into Congress?

20. What house has the exclusive power to initiate bills imposing taxes?

21. What does the first stage of passing a bill involve?

22. What are Committees permitted to do?

23. What body holds he power to accept or reject amendments?

24. What is the procedure after the bill is approved by one house?

25. What is necessary for the bill to become law?

26. When does the bill pass?

27. When is a bill submitted to the President?

28. What options does the President have?

29. Who is the power of the executive branch vested in ?

30. What is the President responsible for?

31. What executive appointments does the President make?

32. When does the President’s power become most pronounced?

33. Why is the president called “chief legislator”?

34. Why does the congress prefer to find consensus with President if he vetoes a bill?

35. In what way does the president coordinate taxing and spending?

36. What body was originally responsible for the nation’s finances?

37. Why did the Congress pass the Budget and Accounting Act in 1921?

38. What is the main function of OMB?

39. What increased rapidly with F.D.Roosevelt’s election and reelection in the 1930s?

40. What did the government do to improve economic and social situation in America in the 1930s?

41. What did Congress authorize the President to do in 1946?

42. What program did president Obama propose to alleviate the economic crisis in America?

43. What factors contribute to President having greater latitude in foreign policy and national defense?

44. What does successful conduct of foreign affaires require?

45. Why does the President have a dominant role in foreign affairs?

46. What is the difference between President and Congress in terms of making decisions in time of military crisis?

47. What functions does the President perform as Head of state? Why are these functions important?

48. What is the main function of EOP? When was it created?

49. What is the range of tasks of EOP? What are the most visible parts of EOP? What are their duties?

50. Why is Vice President the second highest executive official of the government? What is the constitutional duty of Vice President?

51. How do Vice Presidents approach their roles?

52. What does the influence of the Vice President in this role depend on?

53. Why do Vice Presidents often take harder-line stand on issues?

54. What bodies are responsible for enforcement of federal laws?

55. What does the federal administrative structure consist of?

56. What administrative units are considered the most important?

57. How many departments are there? Are they equal in size?

58. Who forms the President’s Cabinet?

59. Under the Constitution, what powers are reserved for the states?

60. What are the sources of government power in the US?

61. What is the relationship between the state and local governments?

62. How are all states modeled?

63. What are the functions of state governments?

64. Who is the head of the state administrative structure?

65. What tiers do local governments generally include?

66. How do municipalities vary in size?

67. What do municipalities take responsibilities for?

68. What is the most essential feature of all governments?

69. What types of courts are state and federal courts organized into?

70. What courts bear the main burden in the administration of justice?

71. What courts do the state trial courts include?

72. Why is the common pleas court the most important of trial courts ?

73. What exclusive jurisdiction do the common pleas courts have in criminal and civil matters?

74. What is the probate division in charge of?

75. What does the domestic division deal with?

76. What jurisdiction does the juvenile division have?

77. What is the main job of courts of appeal?

78. What is the highest judicial body in the USA?

79. What is the tenure of the Justices of the Supreme Court?

80. What is the main duty of the Supreme Court?

81. What appeals does the Supreme Court hear ? What original jurisdiction does it have?

82. Why did the Founders of the US not envisage a role for political parties in the US system of government? Were their intentions realized?

83. What was the development of political parties linked to?

84. What was the main task of political parties?

85. In brief, what is the history of the Democratic party?

86. When and by whom was the Republican Party founded?

87. When did it first come to power?

88. Why is the Democratic Party considered the more liberal party?

89. When and why did the Democrats earn this reputation?

90. What is the program of the Republican Party?

91. What is the main reason for the dominance of these two parties?

92. What is the other key factor?

93. Why is the US electoral system very complex?

94. Who is eligible to vote?

95. What must a person do to exercise his right to vote?

96. Whom do Americans elect every four years? Every two years?

97. What are the key stages in Presidential elections?

98. What must a presidential candidate do to get the nomination?

99. What is the nominating race? How long does it last?