System Unit

System unit is one of the parts of your computer. You can find the electronics inside it that run programs, determine the results, and handle instructions.

All the electronic components in your computer are mounted on a piece of fiberglass called the motherboard. As you know, fiberglass cannot conduct electricity, so each component is insulated from all the others. Tiny metal lines on the surface of the fiberglass connect pins from one component to another, forming the computer's electrical circuits.

The system unit has also RAM and ROM Chips. What are they and what is the difference between them? ROM (Read Only Memory) Chips have data written on them during manufacturing that tells the CPU, another element of the system unit, what to do when you switch on your computer. The data is always there, even when the computer is switched off. When a computer is switched on and running a program RAM (Random Access Memory) is used for holding the program and its data. But when you switch off the computer anything held in RAM is lost. Another element of the system unit, Floppy Disk Drive consists of a slot to accept a floppy disk, a motor that spins the disk and a recording/reading device that moves across the disk in order to read or write data:

The hard disk is the computer's main permanent storage unit, holding large amounts of data and programs. The information remains on the hard disk unless you instruct the computer to overwrite it or the hard disk is damaged.

//. Give equivalents.

a) at the back of the card, electrical supply, components are mounted, piece of fiberglass, tiny metal lines, to link components, high-voltage current, during manufacturing, to spin the disk, to move across;

b) пошкоджений диск, велика кількість даних, приймати диск, перетворювати струм високої напруги у струм низької напруги, визначати результати, не проводить струму, компоненти.

/// Translate the sentences and put questions to the underlined words

1. Nick is talking to his friends.

2. The students are reading.

3. I was working with the computer when somebody knocked at the door.

4. They were reading when I entered the room.

IV. Write out the verbs from the text in Active and Passive Voice into two columns.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Moves	is damaged

V. Answer the questions

1. What elements does System Unit consist of?

2. What is the difference between ROM and RAM?

3. What is a floppy disk?

Варіант 4

I. Read and translate the text in writing.

Central Processing Unit

Central Processing Unit (CPU) also called the microprocessor is the computer's most important element. It coordinates and controls the work of all the other units and performs all the arithmetic and logic processes with data. Every computer program is a set of instructions that the CPU carries out in a sequence.

Computer works in binary code. It uses only the numbers "1" for "on" and "0" for "off. Each 1 and 0 in a binary code is called a bit. A group of eight bits is called a byte. Each byte corresponds to a single character or letter.

CPU has to separate hardware sections: an arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) and a control unit. The CPU has two functions: 1) to obtain instructions from the memory and to interpret them; 2) to perform the actual operations. The first function is executed by the control unit. This unit interprets the instructions, then, on the basis of this interpretation, tells ALU what to do next. The part of the control unit that interprets or decodes the instructions is called the instruction decoder. The part that generates the control signals to ALU is called the control generator. The control unit controls all the operation within the computer. The second function of the CPU is performed by ALU, which does the actual operations. ALU contains the circuitry necessary to perform arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation. Logical operations are sorting, comparing and selecting. All the operations on ALU are under the direction of the control unit. The speed of the CPU is measured m megahertz (MHz).

III. Give equivalents.

а) вимірювати в герцах, отримувати з пам'яті, арифметично-логічна секція, виконувати послідовно, найважливіший елемент, байт - це 8 бітів, на основі перекладу, інструкційний декодер, схема, додавання та віднімання, сортування й відбір;

в) Necessary to perform, control generator, actual operations, division and multiplication, exponentiation, to be under the direction, separate sections, to execute functions, to correspond to a letter.

IV. Put questions to the words underlined in the text.

V. Write out the verbs from the text in Active and Passive Voice into two columns.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
coordinates	is called

VI. Answer the questions.

1. What is microprocessor?

2. What functions does the CPU perform?

3. What are the parts (or sections) of every CPU?

Варіант 5

I. Read and translate the text in writing.

Memory

Every computer is supplied with data to process and instructions to tell it what to do. Once the CPU carries out each instruction, it needs somewhere to store the answer. This storage space is provided by the computer's memory. The term "memory" is usually used to refer to the internal storage locations of a computer. Chips in a computer where data is stored temporarily during the work of a computer are called RAM; chips where some basic information concerning the operation of a computer is stored are called ROM. RAM and ROM are the types of internal memory (or storage).

Internal memory is closely associated with the CPU because it stores programs and data temporarily, thus making them immediately available for processing by the CPU. To facilitate processing two things are needed: random access and speed. It means that any part of the memory may be read or accessed very quickly. This is made possible by the system of addresses in internal memory, where the storage locations are like a series of tiny compartments, each having its own address. These addresses are always fixed, so the control unit knows where to find them at a very high speed. When it finds them it puts into the compartment what is needed and wipes out what was stored there. The information in these compartments is called the contents of the memory.

It's very important to understand the difference between the memory and the storage on a disk. Storage on a disk is an external storage. External storage is not a part of a CPU. The most significant feature of internal storage that distinguishes it from external storage is that it is purely electronic, having no mechanical moving parts. The example of external storage is a floppy disk.

//. Give equivalents:

a) is used to refer, storage location, is stored, closely associated, processing, may be read, accessed very quickly, always fixed, at a very high speed, contents of the memory, purely electronic, moving part;

b) інформація щодо операцій, це стає можливим, обробка, подібно до набору малесеньких відділень, що необхідно, що збереглося, дискета, комп'ютер забезпечується даними, виконувати кожну команду, таким чином, це значить.

///. Put questions to the words underlined in the text.

IV. Write out the verbs from the text in Active and Passive Voice into two columns.

Active Voice	Passive Voice
has carried	is supplied

V. Answer the questions.

1. What is RAM Chip?

2. What is the difference between memory and storage on a disk?

3. What is called ROM Chip?

Варіант 6

I. Read and translate the text in writing.