4. How do we call an arrangement of words, clauses, sentences, in which the next unit is more important than the previous one?

Climax is an arrangement of words, clauses, sentences, in which the next unit is more important than the previous one. This increase in significance may be realized in three ways, depending on which three types of climax are distinguished.

4. What types of climax are distinguished?

Types of climax: logical, emotional andquantitative.

Logical сlimaxis based on therelative importance of the component parts looked at from the point of view of the conceptsembodied in them.

Emotional climax is based on the relative emotional tension produced by words with emotive meaning, as in words 'lovely', 'beautiful', 'fair'. Emotional climax based on synonymous strings of words with emotive meaning will inevitably cause 'certain semantic differences in these words — such is thelinguistic nature of stylistic synonyms. Emotional climax is mainly found in sentences,more rarely – in longer syntactical units.

Finally, there is a quantitative climax. This is an evident increase in the volume of the corresponding concepts, as in:"They looked at hundreds of houses; they climbed thousands of stairs; they inspected innumerable kitchens."(Maugham)

4. What is the aim of using climax in author’s narration?

Climax, like many other stylistic devices, is a means by which the author discloses his world outlook, - his evaluation of objective facts and phenomena. The concrete stylistic function of this device is to show the relative importance of things as seen by the author (especially in emotional climax), or to impress upon the reader the significance of the things described by suggested comparison, or to depict phenomena dynamically.

4. What is anticlimax?

Anticlimax refers to a figure of speech in which statements gradually descend in order of importance. Unlike climax, anticlimax is the arrangement of a series of words, phrases, or clauses in order of decreasing importance.

1. She is a great writer, a mother and a good humorist.

2. He lost his family, his car and his cell phone.

4. What is the purpose of employing anticlimax by many writers?

It is frequently used by humorists like Mark Twain and Jerome K. Jerome. In his Three Men in a Boat the author expands on the beauties of the sunset on the river and concludes in a very prosaic way: But we didn't sail into the world of golden sunset: we went slap into that old punt where the gentlemen were fishing.

4. How do we call two components of simile?

Simile consists of two components, the one which is compared is called the tenor, the one with which it is compared is called the vehicle.

12.What are two parts of simile typically linked by?

The two parts of simile are linked by such words as like, as...as, as though, such, etc. E.g. His flesh was like a blister you could prickle with a needle. (Gr.Gr.)

4. Give two examples to show the difference between simile and metaphor.

The terms metaphor and simile are slung around as if they meant exactly the same thing.

A simile is a metaphor, but not all metaphors are similes.

Metaphor is the broader term. In a literary sense metaphor is a rhetorical device that transfers the sense or aspects of one word to another.

A simile is a type of metaphor in which the comparison is made with the use of the word like or its equivalent:

In a sense, all language is metaphor because words are simply labels for things that exist in the world. We call something “a table” because we have to call it something, but the word is not the thing it names.

A simile is only one of dozens of specific types of metaphor

You can teach the difference between deficit and debt by using a beach metaphor: Many people think "deficit" and "debt" mean the same thing. Not quite. Imagine digging a hole at the beach with a shovel. The debt is the hole and the deficit is the shovel. You can make the shovel (that is, the deficit) larger or smaller, but all that does is change how fast the hole gets bigger. If you want to pay off the debt and fill in the hole, first you need to eliminate the deficit entirely, then start refilling the hole. The image of the beach is a lot easier to remember than than some dry financial explanation. The beach may never look the same again! Also, note that this was a metaphor because I said, “The debt IS the hole,” and not “The debt is LIKE a hole.” No word like “like,” so it's the word without the l – metaphor. - See more at: