IX. Some words demand certain prepositions.

Try to guess which prepositions are missing in the passage from EV History:

1.

The decline ______1___ use and production ____2_____ the electric vehicle occurred _____3____ the 1920s. Causes ______4___ the decline _____5____ production include: a better road system, reduced price _____6____ gasoline by the discovery ____7_____ the Texas crude oil, invention ______8___ the electric starter, and the mass production ____9_____ the internal combustion engine vehicles [2]. According ______10___ the History of Electric Vehicles, “In 1912, an electric roadster sold _____11___ $1,750, while a gasoline car sold ____12_____ $650” [2, p. 1]. By 1935, electric vehicles completely disappeared.

2.Try to guess which prepositions are missing in the following phrases:

1. It is circular ________ shape.

2. There are two potentiometers ________ safety.

3. The generator is similar ________ an electric motor.

4. Advantages include no tailpipe emissions, which leads ________ a reduction ________ global warming and unhealthy people.

5. Many of these batteries are currently being used ________ conjunction with hybrid car prototypes.

6. Researchers are working ________ improved battery technologies.

7. It is heavier, limited ________ the distance it can travel before recharge.

X. On a scrap of paper write an imaginative paragraph on the topic Cars of the Future using different types of collocations (3 verb-noun, 3 noun-noun, 3 adjective-noun) and 5 phrases with prepositions.

XI. Translate the following into English using the collocations and prepositional phrases above:

1. В данный момент мы работаем над новыми технологиями для машин будущего.

2. К сожалению, наши возможности ограничены концепт-каром.

3. Машины будущего не будут выбрасывать CO₂ в атмосферу и будут иметь преимущества перед традиционными средствами передвижения.

4. Спад в экономике ведет к сокращениям денег и времени.

5. Увеличение времени на перезарядку ведет к снижению интереса покупателей (=customer). Это произойдет в связи с ростом альтернативных предложений.

6. Технические описания машин необходимы для специалистов.

7. Рост производства машин будущего произойдет в 2050.

XII. Scientific style of writing requires concise (=logical) organization of the text as well as structured flow of ideas. To meet up with the requirements various linking and cohesive devices and patterns are used.

Read Introduction and underline all the formal introducing and cohesive devices.

(Introduction

The 1960s and 1970s saw a need for alternative fueled vehicles to reduce the problems of exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines and to reduce the dependency on imported foreign crude oil. During the years from 1960 to the present, many attempts to produce practical electric vehicles occurred and continue to occur.

The purpose of this report is to describe the technology used to produce an electric vehicle and explain why the electric engine is better than the internal combustion engine. It includes reasons why the electric vehicle grew rapidly and the reason it is a necessity to better the world today. The report describes the most important parts in an electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle. It compares the electric to the hybrid and internal combustion engine vehicle. It also includes the future of the electric vehicle.

The overall impact of the electric vehicle ultimately benefits the people. Compared to gasoline powered vehicles, electric vehicles are considered to be ninety-seven percent cleaner, producing no tailpipe emissions that can place particulate matter into the air. Particulate matter, carcinogens released into the atmosphere by gas-powered vehicles, “can increase asthma conditions, as well as irritate respiratory systems” [1].

The paper begins with a history of the electric vehicle, specifically the lows and highs of production and the reasons for the change. The next section provides a technical description of an electric vehicle, including the parts, their functions, and the theory of operation. The following section describes the hybrid car, including parts, their functions and the theory of operation. Based on this understanding, I then compare the internal combustion engine, the hybrid engine, and the electrical engine in terms of efficiency, speed, acceleration, maintenance, mileage, and cost. The paper concludes with sections on the advantages and disadvantages of the electric vehicle and its future.)

• What other interesting words or phrases can you refer to an Academic style?

• Write a 5-sentence paragraph describing any of the imaginative article you have read.