- •§ 33. The Germanic languages in the modern world are as follows:
- •Icelandic — in Iceland;
- •§ 68. The bulk of the verbs in pg and in the og languages fall into two large groups called strong and weak.
- •§ 93. The first wave of the invaders, the Jutes or the Frisians, occupied the extreme south-east: Kent and the Isle of Wight.
- •In some inscriptions the runes were found arranged in a fixed order making a sort of alphabet. After the first six letters this alphabet is called futhark .
- •In south∣work at∣the Ta∣bard as∣I lay,∣
- •It must be mentioned that form-words borrowed from this language- both, though, fro (from).
It must be mentioned that form-words borrowed from this language- both, though, fro (from).
The French language was brought to England by the norman conquerors. The norman immigrants who invaded towns spoke French, known as Anglo-Norman. Today nearly all words relating to the government and administration of the country are French by origin: assembly, authority, council, country, crown, government.
From the loan words referring to house, furniture and architecture we see that the normans introduced many innovations, which became known to the English together with their French names: art, beauty, colour, design.
The impact of French upon the English vocabulary was not limited to the borrowing of words or roots. The vocabulary was enriched by the adoption of French affixes. Derivational affixes could not be borrowed as such, they entered the language in scores of loan word were separated by the speakers and used in derivation.
1 It means 'Comubian Welsh'; the name Wealhas (Wales, Welsh) was a common noun, meaning 'strangers'; it was given by the newcomers to the unfamiliar Celtic tribes.
2 Consonant interchanges were also possible but rare. They appeared in PG due to voicing of fricatives under Verner's Law but were soon levelled out (see § 58).