Контрольное задание № 2

Вариант № 3.

Задание 1. Переведите предложения и поставьте их в отрицательную форму. Задайте по одному вопросу с вопросительными словами приведенными в скобках.

1. The traveling salesman appeared late in the 19th century both in Europe and in the U.S. (When?)

2. Persuasive skill was less important in those days of unsatisfied demand, and orders were readily forthcoming. (What?)

3. By 1900, however, with the increasing supply of manufactured goods, buyers became more discriminating in their purchases. (Who?)

4. The use of sales promotion practices has experienced steady growth in the 20th century. (When?)

5. Selling by telephone is significantly less effective than personal selling. (Why?)

6. Sales promotion, advertising, and salesmanship are the major techniques used in merchandising products to the public. (What ….for?)

7. In the USA, a growing promotional technique involved in-home shopping programs using cable television channels. (Where?)

8. Sales Promotion, element of the marketing process that can close the sale of goods or services to a potential customer by providing the incentive to make a positive purchase decision. (How?)

9. Greater attention was given to training the sales force and to providing buyer incentives. (What …to?)

10. The early salesman carried his goods on his back or on his horse, working his way from a port city through the hinterlands. (Who?).

Задание 2. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги.

in, at, for, to, of, by, on, either…or, neither…nor, with.

1. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, also known as the World Bank, specialized United Nations agency established at the Bretton Woods Conference …1944.

2. A related institution, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), was created … the same time.

3. The bank grants loans only to member nations, …the purpose of financing specific projects.

4. In the early period of the World Bank's existence, loans were granted chiefly …European countries and were used for the reconstruction of industries damaged or destroyed during World War II.

5. The minimum number … shares that a member nation must purchase varies according to the relative strength of its national economy.

6. Before a nation can secure a loan, advisers and experts representing the bank must determine that the prospective borrower can meet conditions stipulated … the bank.

7. After the loan has been made, the bank requires periodic reports both from the borrower and from its own observers … the use of the loan and on the progress of the project.

8. Membership in the bank is a prerequisite for membership in … the IFC … the IDA.

9. The executive directors are headed by the president of the World Bank, whom they elect for a 5-year term, and who must be … a governor … a director.

10. All three institutions are legally and financially separate, but the bank and IDA share the same staff; IFC, …133 members, has its own operating and legal staff.

Задание 3. Переведите предложения. Заполните пропуски одним из приведенных вариантов .

1. International relations … also refer to the interactions between nongovernmental groups, such as multinational corporations.

a) could, b) might, c) may.

2. International relations is a broad and complex topic both for countries engaged in relationships with other nations, and for observers …to understand those interactions.

a) tried, b) was trying, c) trying.

3. These relationships … influenced by many variables.

a) were, b) are, c) was.

4. They are also …. by domestic political events and nonpolitical influences, including economics, geography, and culture.

a) affected, b) affects, c) affecting.

5. To understand these interactions, scholars …at the world as a system of nations whose actions are guided by a well-defined set of rules.

a) are looking, b) looks, c) look.

6. The interstate system … … for less than 500 years and is based on a common understanding of what a nation is.

a) have existed, b) has been existing, c) has existed.

7. Recent changes in technology and international norms have caused some scholars to question whether this system …continue in the future.

a) would, b) will not, c) will.

8. Scholars … a nation’s military power was the most important characteristic in determining how that nation would relate to others.

a) believe, b) believed, c) have believed.

9. . Cooperation … refer to the absence of conflict but to the ability of nations to peacefully resolve their differences in a way that is acceptable to all parties involved.

a) does not, b) do not, c) did not.

10. In both security studies and international political economy, scholars strive … patterns of conflict and cooperation among nations.

a) explaining, b) to explain, c) explained.

Задание 4. Переведите приведенные ниже предложения.

1. Черный рынок- термин, обозначающий незаконную продажу предметов потребления при нарушении установленных норм и цен.

2. Термин произошел в Европе во время Первой Мировой войны, когда введение нормирования подтолкнуло некоторых людей обогащаться, продавая неограниченные количества нормированных товаров по высоким ценам.

3. Черные рынки - явления времен кризиса.

4. Черные рынки процветали повсюду во время Второй Мировой Войны, но исчезали после войны, как только увеличивалось производство товаров.

5. В такие времена некоторые потребители платят слишком дорого, чтобы получить дефицитные товары.

6. Незаконные обмены валюты также иногда определяются как операции черного рынка.

7. Черные рынки развиваются, когда официальное курс обмена валюты не отражает реальное обменного курса.

8. Такая ситуация - стимул для держателей иностранных валют для участия в нелегальных обменах валюты.

9. При наличии около 3 миллионов предприятий, использующих ту или иную форму рекламы, почти каждый американец слышит или видит рекламу каждый день.

10. Производители тратят миллионы для установления своих торговых марок как символов надежности и ценности.

Задание 5. Переведите текст на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы после текста.

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG.

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW), German manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and aircraft engines. Based in Munich, Germany, the company is the leading auto exporter in Europe.

The company traces its origins to 1913, when a Bavarian named Karl Rapp began an aircraft-engine shop in Munich named Rapp Motoren Werke. In 1917 Rapp resigned and the company, led by Austrian engineer Franz-Josef Popp, changed its name to Bayerische Motoren Werke. That same year chief engineer Max Friz designed the company’s first aircraft engine, the six-cylinder Type IIIa, which created strong demand for BMW engines. When the 1919 Treaty of Versailles prohibited German companies from producing aircraft and aircraft engines, BMW switched to making air brakes for railway cars. In 1923 Friz developed the company’s first motorcycle, the R32, a model that held world speed records for motorcycles during most of the 1930s.

In 1928 the company entered the automobile business by acquiring Fahrzeugwerke Eisenach, a maker of small cars based in Eisenach, Germany. In the 1930s BMW began producing a line of larger touring cars and sports cars.

After World War II ended in 1945, the company’s return to auto production resulted in poor sales. In the 1960s the company turned its fortunes around by focusing on sports sedans and compact touring cars. BMW’s U.S. sales peaked in 1986 but then dropped steeply, partly due to competition from two new luxury cars—Lexus, made by Toyota Motor Corporation, and Infiniti, made by Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

1. What is BMW?

2. What does it produce?

3. When was the company founded?

4. What did BMW start to produce in the 1930s?

5. What are the main competitors of the company in the U.S. market?

Верны ли следующие утверждения?

1.BMW is a Britain manufacturer of cars.

2.The company is based in Bonn.

3.In 1923 Friz developed the company’s first motorcycle,

4.In the 1930s BMW began producing a line of larger touring cars and sports cars.

5.BMW’s U.S. sales peaked in 1986 and since that time doubled.

Выберите правильный ответ :

1.When did the company trace its origin?

1. when the first auto was created,

2. when the company was bought by a German businessman,

3. when a Bavarian named Karl Rapp began an aircraft-engine shop in Munich named Rapp Motoren Werke.

2.When did the company enter the automobile business?

1. when there was a demand in their cars,

2. when German people wanted to travel,

3. In 1928 the company entered the automobile business .

3.What did the company start to produce in the 1930s?

1. a new aircraft engine,

2. new kind of bikes,

3. a line of larger touring cars and sports cars.

4.How did the company return it’s fortunes?

1. by buying an enterprise in England,

2. by selling some of it’s best models to rich people,

3. by focusing on sports sedans and compact touring cars.

5.Why did BMW’s U.S. sales drop steeply after 1986?

1. due to cars’ poor quality,

2. due to competition from two new luxury cars—Lexus, made by Toyota Motor Corporation, and Infiniti, made by Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.,

3. due to high prices.