11. Which of these prefixes have the opposite meaning?

12. Sound imitation, reduplication, clipping, abbreviation are:

13. The basic aim of the derivational analysis of the word structure is: at establishing a correlation between different types and the structural patterns words are built on.

14. Etymology investigates:

15. What is the denotational meaning? Denotational meaning – component of the lexical meaning which makes communication possible. The second component of the lexical meaning is the connotational component – the emotive charge and the stylistic value of the word.

16. Homographs are: Homographs are words which have similar spelling but different sound-form and meaning (e.g. "a row" [rau]- "a quarrel"; "a row" [rəu] - "a number of persons or things in a more or less straight line")

17 What are antonyms? The term "antonym" is of Greek origin and means “opposite name”. It is used to describe words different in some form and characterised by different types of semantic contrast of denotational meaning and interchangeability at least in some contexts.

18. Free word-groups are: A free word combination does not exist in language as a ready-made unit: it is created in the process of speech, a big house (adj. + noun), to read books (verb + noun), on the table (prep. + noun), etc.

Its meaning is derived from the meanings of words that make it up. In speech language-units are combined according to the structural patterns of the English language.

19. Which of the following synonymic groups belong to total (complete or absolute) synonymy? words agreeing in denotation, connotation and distribution (kind - sort,

jazykověda - lingvistika, zeměpis - geografie). Rather in Czech than in English. Often a

domestic word vs. a loanword. Some have become extinct (lučba - chemie), dated or out-ofdate (wireless replaced by radio)

21. Lexicology is a part of linguistics which studies: Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which deals with a systematic description and study of the vocabulary of the language as regards its origin, development, meaning and current use. The term is composed of 2 words of Greek origin: lexis + logos. A word about words, or the science of a word. It also concerns with morphemes, which make up words and the study of a word implies reference to variable and fixed groups because words are components of such groups. Semantic properties of such words define general rules of their joining together. The general study of the vocabulary irrespective of the specific features of a particular language is known as general lexicology. Therefore, English lexicology is called special lexicology because English lexicology represents the study into the peculiarities of the present-day English vocabulary.

22. What is lexicography? Lexicography, the science, of dictionary-compiling, is closely connected with lexicology, both dealing with the same problems — the form, meaning, usage and origin of vocabulary units — and making use of each other’s achievements.

Some basic problems of dictionary-compiling:

1) the selection of lexical units for inclusion,

2) their arrangement,

3) the setting of the entries,

4) the selection and arrangement (grouping) of word-meanings,

5) the definition of meanings,

6) illustrative material,

7) supplementary material.

23. What are causes of semantic change? The causes of semantic changes may be grouped under two main headings, linguistic and extralinguistic ones. Of these the first group has suffered much greater neglect in the past and it is not surprising therefore that far less is known of it than of the second. It deals with changes due to the constant interdependence of vocabulary units in language and speech, such as differentiation between synonyms, changes taking place in connection with ellipsis and with fixed contexts, changes resulting from ambiguity in certain contexts, and some other cases.

25.Lexicology is a part of linguistics which studies: Lexicology - the semantic or morphological study of the linguistic stock of a language,particularly as to content, meaning or use of the individual forms; the study of the words in a language, their meaning and use, their derivation and history.