Items in the test form

We offer to you items in test form, which may have one, two, three, or more correct answers. Press the key with the number of all correct answers:

1. THE SKELETON IS COMPOSED OF

1) fat

2) skin

3) meat

4) blood

5) +bones

6) muscles

7) capillaries

8) +skull

2. IN THE ADULT THE SKELETON HAS OVER

1) 100

2) +200

3) +220

4) 400

5) 500

6) 600

7) 1000

BONES

3. SKULL CONSISTS OF

1. lumbar

2. +cranial

3. +facial

4. spinal

5. sacral

6. cervical

7. coccyx

PARTS

4. SPINE CONSISTS OF

1) facial

2) +sacral

3) +lumbar

4) +cervical

5) +thoracic

6) +coccyx

7) cranial

VERTEBRAE

5. THERE ARE

1. 20 – 25

2. 25 – 30

3. +32 –34

4. 40 – 45

5. 45 – 50

6. 50 – 55

7. 55 – 60 VERTEBRAE IN THE SPINE.

6. IN THE SPINAL COLUMN THERE ARE

1. +five sacral

2. +five lumbar

3. +seven cervical

4. from one to five

5. twelve facial

6. +twelve thoracic

7. eleventh cranial

VERTEBRAE

WHICH FORM THE

1. skull

2. chest

3. +spine

4. coccyx

5. vertebra

6. skeleton

7. + spinal column

6. EACH RIB IS COMPOSED OF

1. leg

2. arm

3. +head

4. +neck

5. +body

6. hand

7. forearm

WHICH IS CONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER BY

1. joints

2. +cartilages

3. ligaments

The quantized text « The heart and the vascular system»

(by textbook Maslova A.M., Winestein Z.I., Plebeyskaya L.S.,

–Essential English for medical students. p.78

The heart

The heart is an inner hollow muscular organ placed within the chest and included in the pericardium. The base of the heart is against the third rib. Its apex is against the interspace between the fifth and sixth costal cartilages. The weight of the heart is about 300 gr.in the male and about 220 gr.in the female.

Chambers.

The heart consists of two separate chambers divided by the septum. Each of the chambers has two connected parts: the atrium and the ventricle. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricle.

Atrium and ventricle

The right atrium is larger than the left one, but the walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one. The fight ventricle is triangular in form and has thick walls. The fight ventricle is in the anterior part of the heart. The left ventricle is longer and more conical than the right one. The walls of the left ventricle are three times as thick as the walls of the right one. The valves are located at the entrance and exit of each ventricle.

The muscular structure of the heart

The muscular structure of the heart consists of two parts – the muscular layers of the atria and the muscular layers of the ventricles.

The vascular system

The vascular system consists of three groups of vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries.

The vessels carrying blood to from the tissues of the body compose the general circulation. The are called the systemic vessels.

The pulmonary circulation is formed by the vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs.

The portal system is formed by the veins passing to the liver.

Most of the arteries are composed of three coats. The arteries dilate and contract simultaneously with the action of the heart.