7B) Complete the following sentences with the words from 7a)
All _______ to Tokyo were delayed because of bad weather.
Did you see Bruce Springsteen on his last _______?
He pretended to be asleep for the entire two hour _______.
His grave has become a place of ________.
In those days, the _________ to Australia was long and dangerous.
It’s a beautiful day for a _______ in the country.
Let’s take a _______ out to the farm
Mrs Pollack took her class on an ________ to the local museum.
Norton is on ________ promoting her new children’s book.
On the car ________ back from the airport he told her all about his trip.
She took me to see the horse and asked if I wanted to go for a ______.
The ________ from Kent into London can be horrendous
The ________ from Dover to Calais is often very rough.
The last leg of the _________ will take the team to Dallas
The purpose of the __________ was to explore the North American coastline.
The resort also offers daily _________ to nearby towns.
The team is preparing for a two week ________ across the Atlas Mountains.
They like to take package _________ because they hate dealing with details.
We took a bicycle ________ of Tuscany.
They set out for a __________ to Jerusalem.
7c) Make up 5-7 sentences about yourself using the words from 7a).
Ex. 8a) Read the text. As you are reading make a list of reasons for travelling. In what way are they different from the present-day ones?
A History Of Why People Travel
Ever notice how when you sit still for a few hours without moving, you suddenly get up and find your legs are cramped, or asleep, or feel tense? That’s because they’re not meant to be still…at least not for long. We’re meant to move. Our limbs have to be in motion almost constantly.
Humans have always been on the move. Our skeletons and muscle structures have evolved to facilitate gathering our food, escaping from predators, and to satisfy our animal curiosity. As our brains grew larger, so did our inquisitiveness, and driven by different reasons, humans began to travel.
The Early Explorers
In the Neolithic age we saw the first sailing vessels and the invention of the wheel, both designed to move us around in different ways. Nomadic hunters and gatherers moved in search of food following seasonally available wild plants and game.
Then Ancient man began to build roads to facilitate the movement of troops through empires, and eventually civilians began to travel in caravans. Travel for the purpose of commerce and trade took explorers to strange lands to meet other people, and bring back riches of unfathomable value.
Wealthy Greeks and Romans began to travel for leisure to their summer homes and villas by the sea in cities like Pompeii and Baiae. The freedom of travel in the Roman Empire brought many Jews to flourishing cities of the ancient world, and Jesus himself is thought to have travelled a great deal with his disciples.
We know that Vikings had a particular skill for sailing and a keen interest in exploring. Through perilous voyages they conquered areas such as Iceland and Greenland, and were even the first to accidentally discover America in 985 A.D, when a ship was blown off course on the way to Greenland. In 1001, Leif Eriksson sailed back to explore it further and called it Vinland, or ‘land of pastures’.
Enter the Dark Ages
I
n
Medieval times, the most notorious
travellers were pilgrims
and missionaries.
Driven by their religious convictions,
pilgrims made dangerous journeys to places like Santiago de
Compostela, Canterbury, and Jerusalem while missionaries travelled
to heathen areas to
evangelize
the people, such as the Celts in Ireland.
In the late 16th century it became fashionable for young aristocrats and wealthy upper class men to travel to important European cities as a crowning touch to their education in the arts and literature, designed to enlighten Europe’s young elite. This was knows as the Grand Tour. London, Paris, Venice, Florence and Rome were visited by these grand tourists to expose themselves to the great masterpieces.
The French revolution marked the end of the Grand Tour as was known, and with the coming of rail transit in the early 19th century, travel was revolutionized. Travel was no longer limited only to the privileged as it became cheaper, easier, and safer to travel. Young ladies began to travel too, chaperoned by an old spinster as was appropriate, as part of their education.
Steam and Steel
The Industrial Revolution brought leisure travel to Europe. The new middle class, comprised of factory owners and managers, now had the time to travel thanks to industrialized production with efficient and faster machinery. They had more money and more time to relax and take part in recreational activities.
For the first time ever, travelling was done for the sole pleasure of it. This was how Thomas Cook, in 1841, put together the first package holiday in history. He started off with tours in Britain but with his rapid success soon moved unto other European cities, where Paris and the Alps were the most popular destinations.
Thomas Cook pioneered all the common services that travel agencies undertake for the passenger today: accommodation, travel tickets, timetables, attractions, currency exchanges, travel guides and tours.
Air travel began after World War II, when a surplus of aeronautical technology and ex-military pilots who were more than ready to fly. Only the rich could afford holidays with air fare, whereby an all-inclusive two week holiday in Corsica cost around £32 in those days.
The Modern Age
Affordable air travel soon contributed to international mass tourism, pretty much as we know it today. Over the years different developments in tourism have changed the way we travel, such as technology, safety and security, costs, social changes, etc.
The Grand Tourists of the 17th and 18th centuries echo today of the hoards of backpackers and gap-year students who, not content with travelling through one continent, do so throughout the entire world. Much like the young European aristocrats of the time, we today also consider travelling as a rite of passage, an initiation, a transition, an opportunity for soul searching.
With tourism currents like Eco-travel, Ethical Travel, Volunteering, Mystical tourism, Dark Tourism, Pop-Culture tourism, Cosmetic Surgery tourism, and Independent travelling, the travel industry has reached an apogee never before seen.
So when we wonder why we travel, and where it all started, it might be comforting to think about our predecessors, and how they moved first out of necessity, then for religion, migration, emigration, commerce, enlightenment and, finally, for pleasure. Today each of our personal reasons may vary, but one thing is certain: there will never be rest for a species that can only move, move and keep moving.
8b) Study the words in bold. Be ready to define them in English and to provide their Russian equivalents.
8c) Make a list of words that describe people who travel Add to this list words from previous exercises. Which words can describe you? Can you give an example of a person to match each of these words?
8d) Explain the meaning of the words and expressions in italics.
8e) Write a summary of the text using the words in bold Underline them in your text. Use not more than 7 sentences.
Ex. 9. Translate the words and sentences into English.
A. 1. Одних каньоны привлекают возможностью пощекотать себе нервы – сплавиться на плотах по бурным водам реки Колорадо или покорить неприступный водопад. Других манят неземные ландшафты, и они готовы сутками, а то и неделями поджидать нужного освещения для фотографирования, мгновения, когда это творение природы предстанет пред зрителем в полном своем великолепии. Третьи ценят их за возможность созерцать безмятежные виды.
2. Путешественник – человек, стремящийся провести отпуск в далеке от дома. Для него важен не сам факт пребывания в каком-либо месте, а осознание того, что он прикоснулся к чему-то особенному.
3. К Новому году сама природа замирает. Зима – время для созерцания и умиротворённого ожидания возрождения природы. Величественное спокойствие лесов, безмолвие утренних аллей, неторопливый танец мерцающих снежинок отвлекает от повседневных хлопот и настраивает на размышления.
4. Несмотря на то, что путешествие в труднодоступные места – трудное, хлопотное дело, это всегда дело стоящее. Такие места – источник настоящих, неподдельных впечатлений от природы и культуры.
5. Те, кто живёт под девизом “Лови момент,” редко придерживаются строгих планов.
6. Последние новости, которые я слышал о нём, это то, что он отправился в поломничество к святым местам – в Иерусалим и Рим.
7. Надежды тех, кто отправляясь в путешествие, очень разнятся; для меня же основной целью всех поездок, морских путешествий, и даже велосипедных туров было погрузиться в другую атмосферу, открыть себя влиянию иных, непривычных природы, людей и культуры.
8. Целью экспедиции было исследование горных районов Тибета.
9. Во время наших путешествий в горы мы проводим символические обряды посвящения в путешественники.
10. Мы были довольны полётом и всем туром: все наши ожидания оправдались, мы увидели шедевры мирового искусства, которые по праву считаются культурным наследием человечества.
11. У Марселя издавна репутация дурная. Мятежный дух пропитывал его со времён флибустьеров, когда здесь причаливали суда знаменитого пирата Френсиса Дрейка.
12. Что способствовало путешествиям в средние века?
B. выезд, поход; лихорадочный, напряжённый; нравиться; возможность, которая появляется раз в жизни; искатель приключений; приспосабливаться, адаптироваться; избирательный; попытаться; преследовать; пойти по неизбитому пути; отправиться в путь; неутолимый; кочевой.
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